History of the Roman Empire :: essays research papers

Roman Empire, political system established by Rome that lasted for nearly five centuries. Historians usually date the beginning of the Roman Empire from 27 bc when the Roman Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus and he became the undisputed emperor after years of bitter civil war. At its peak the empire included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring territories during the Roman Republic (509-27 bc), but made wider conquests and solidified political control of these lands during the empire. The empire lasted until Germanic invasions, economic decline, and internal unrest in the 4th and 5th centuries ad ended Rome’s ability to dominate such a huge territory. The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day. In 44 bc Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator, was assassinated . Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war and political upheaval. After Caesar’s heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals, the Senate in 27 bc proclaimed him Augustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which had lasted nearly 500 years, was dead, never to be revived. The empire would endure for another 500 years until ad 476 (See Ancient Rome). The emperor Augustus reigned from 27 bc to ad 14 and ruled with absolute power. He reestablished political and social stability and launched two centuries of prosperity called the Roman Peace (Pax Romana). Under his rule the Roman state began its transformation into the greatest and most influential political institution in European history. During the first two centuries ad the empire flourished and added new territories, notably ancient Britain, Arabia, and Dacia (present-day Romania). People from the Roman provinces streamed to Rome, where they became soldiers, bureaucrats, senators, and even emperors. Rome developed into the social, economic, and cultural capital of the Mediterranean world. Despite the attention given to tyrannical and often vicious leaders like the emperors Caligula and Nero, most emperors ruled sensibly and competently until military and economic disasters brought on the political instability of the 3rd century ad. The Roman Empire encompassed a huge amount of territory, but also allowed people of many different cultures to retain their heritage into modern times.

Business Law Memo

M E M O R A N D U M TO:Client FROM: DATE:November 16, 2011 RE:Suggestive Business Entity for Cure of Cancer Question Presented What business entity would be best suited in order to create the enterprise for the client’s scientific cure of cancer, while keeping his main interests in mind: to get assistance in running the business portion of the enterprise, while limiting his personal liability; and providing investors with the most profit possible while limiting the scope of the amount of how many people that will eventually be involved? Brief Answer A C Corporation will likely suit the needs of the clients’ interest in creating his business enterprise of creating the cure for cancer. Facts Based on the information provided by the client, he wants to manage the scientific aspect of the business and hire business professionals to run the enterprise and raise additional funds. In addition, he wants to limit his liability in the enterprise and wants to limit the scope of how many investors would be involved. Discussion Based on my interpretation of the clients’ interest, he wants to hire another business professional to handle the business side. Because of this, C Corporation would be most beneficial. If the client brought on his main investors as limited partners and then they ended up making significant management decisions while he developed the science, they would be treated as general partners for liability reasons. Also, the client did not say exactly that he did not want investors to be liable, only limit the scope of how many people would be involved, he did say that he wanted to limit his personal liability. Therefore, C Corporation would be most beneficial because the client and his investors would have limited liability. In the alternative, an LLC could be a possibility if the client wanted to take part in running the business aspect of the enterprise, then this would be the best. The client and the business professional that is hired would be partners running the business aspects of the enterprise. The client would also be responsible for science aspect of the enterprise. The investor he brought on would become limited partners who would only contribute assets and would not participate in the management of the business. Therefore this would keep their personal assets protected from the business just in case the company fails. Although this would protect the investors it would leave the client completely liable for any wrongful actions the investors make can. If the client did not want the investors to be held liable at all then in fact, a Limited Partnership would be best because the client would become the general partner. Therefore, he would be the one to run the business aspect of the enterprise. On top of running the enterprise he would also be in charge of the science aspect of the enterprise also. The investors he has now and in the future would become limited partners who would only contribute assets and would not participate in the management of the business. This would keep their personal assets protected from the business just in case the company fails. Although this would protect the investors it would leave the client completely liable for the partnership debt. It would also leave the client responsible for the business aspect of the company which he previously stated he was not interested in handling. â€Å"We could get around this by suggesting they develop a LLP as the general partner. †(Loafman, lecture) Conclusion Although, Limited Liability Company and Limited Partnership have positive aspects, C Corporation would still be most beneficial to our client because he just wants to be the scientist and does not want to be the one to manage the business. He wants to hire some business professional to run the enterprise and limit his liability.

Accused of Plagiarism in College and Grad School What Now