Gantt chart Essay

The phenomena of calendar effects in stock markets seem to be a center of curiosity for many researchers across the world. Following many studies about the significance of calendar anomalies, testing the presence of Monday effect and January effect appears to be an area of interest. The aim of this study is to discuss about calendar anomalies and its significance. It should be noted that the study will focus mainly on Monday effect and January effect on the stock returns of companies listed on SEM-7. The research proposal will consist mainly of the literature review part and the methodology part. 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1DEFINITON OF BASIC CONCEPTS Calendar anomalies are effects which include apparently different behavior of stock markets on different days of the week, month and year. Calendar effect may also be defined as a collection of theories that state that certain days or month are subject to above price changes in stock market and can therefore represent good or bad times to invest. Brooks and Persand (2001) defined calendar effects as the tendency of stock returns â€Å"to display systematic patterns at certain times of the day, week, month or year †. As mentioned above, the study will discuss mainly on Monday effect and January effect. The day of the week effect also called Monday effect indicates that the average daily return of the market is not the same for all days of the week as we would expect on basis of Efficient Market theory. Monday effect is a theory which states that return of the last trading day is the highest and return on the first trading day is the lowest across the days of the week. January effect is a phenomenon whereby stocks claim higher rates of returns during January compared to any other month. Smaller stocks tend to beat bigger stocks during this period. The January effect also known as â€Å"year-end effect† indicates rise in price during the period starting on the last day of December and ending on the fifth trading day of January . The Stock Exchange of Mauritius was incorporated in Mauritius on March 30, 1989 as a private limited company responsible for the operation and promotion of an efficient and regulated securities market in Mauritius. The SEM operates two markets namely the official market and the Development & Enterprise Market (DEM). The study will focus only on the official market. On 31 March 1998, the Stock Exchange of Mauritius launched the index SEM-7, comprising companies listed on its official market. The SEM-7 comprises the seven largest qualified companies of the official market measured in terms of market capitalization, liquidity and investibility criteria. Therefore, the study will be based on the 7 companies in the SEM-7. 2.2Theoretical Explanation on Calendar effects EFFICIENT MARKET THEORY The growing number of studies proving the significance of calendar anomalies has led to doubts on â€Å"Efficient Market Hypothesis†. According to Fama (1970), â€Å"a capital market is efficient if all the information set is fully reflected in securities prices†. Efficient market hypothesis is one of the theories which states that, in whichever form, all the information is completely integrated in the share prices and therefore no one can beat the market. There are three form of market efficiency; weak form, semi-strong form and strong form based on set of information. The weak form efficiency states that no one can outperform the market based on past information while in the semi-strong form, despite using public information, the market cannot be beaten. The strong form efficiency states that no one can beat the market despite using past, public and private information. As a result, according to the efficient market theory, the calendar anomalies have no effect on the share prices and that no one can use this anomaly to gain abnormal returns. MONDAY EFFECT As already mentioned above, Monday effect, also known as weekend effect, is a theory according to which returns on Monday is less than the other trading days. Two hypotheses that have been formulated to explain Monday effect are Calendar Time Hypothesis and Trading Time Hypothesis. According to the Calendar Time Hypothesis, Monday’s average return will be different from the other days’ average returns. A reason for this difference is that Monday’s average return will be three times higher than the average returns of the other working days. According to Trading Time Hypothesis, the returns on stock are generated during a transaction. This indicates that average returns will be the same for all weekdays including Monday. JANUARY EFFECT January effect occurs when there is a general rise in stock prices during the month of January. January effect is also known as small firm in January effect because it is most frequently observed in small cap stocks . The nature of this anomaly suggests that the market is not efficient as market efficiency would suggest that this effect would disappear. The theories which explain January effect are: †¢Tax-Loss Selling Hypothesis This hypothesis was first suggested by Branch (1997) . In order to reduce tax liabilities, investors sell their loser stocks in December and create capital losses which they offset with the capital gain. Due to excessive selling of shares in December, stock prices are decreased and then investors purchase it again in early January which forces stock prices to rise. However, it is noteworthy of the fact that since in Mauritius, capital gains is not liable for tax purposes, this hypothesis cannot be used to explain January effect. †¢Window-dressing Hypothesis Some portfolio managers also do window dressing to their portfolio by creating January effect. Since they have to report their portfolio holding as at 31 December, they just sell riskier stocks before 31 December in order to make their portfolio look less risky on Annual Report. Later on, they just purchase the risky securities again in a view to earn high profits. †¢Information Release Hypothesis According to this hypothesis, also known as differential information effect, the excess January returns are the effect of significant information releases that occur in the first few days of January. This hypothesis relies on how discrepancy in the quantity of information available for different companies may result in different returns. According to Rozeff and Kinney (1976), distribution of year-end information may have a greater effect on the prices of small firms’ securities relative to large firms because the market for small firm stock is less efficient . 2.3Empirical evidences on Calendar effects In order to investigate on the existence of calendar anomalies, there have been several studies conducted obtaining different results. In a recent paper by Haug and Hirshcey (2005) on January effect, evidence is found that the anomaly is significant for small cap stocks and continues to be consistent over time . Moreover, Fountas and Segredakis (2002) investigate about the significance of the monthly seasonality in the Amman Stock Exchange and find very significant January effects in this market.

Leadership Motivation

Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. â€Å"Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader's agenda† (Crosby 2). A leader motivates others to action. Thus, it is the motivation of others and their actions that defines a successful leader. In other words, leadership is the art and science of getting others to perform and achieve a vision. Therefore, leadership is not only reflected in performance, no matter how good that performance is, but in accomplishment. As a leader one's focus should be on accomplishing that leadership goals, whether in a personal, community or charitable, business, political, or industrial forum. In the business world, managers have a great responsibility of leading employees working under them. In order to achieve successful leadership, a leader or a manager should possess certain principles and essential skills. Leadership Principles, Objectives and Problems There are several principles a leader should follow to be successful. A few of the principles are as follows: The most important principle of leadership is ‘listening'. â€Å"A good leader is always an active listener† (Rausch, Washbush 143). Active listening shows that the leader cares, is interested and wants to be involved, enabling the n leader to benefit from the experience. The primary objective of a leader would be to adapt the principles of ‘listening' into their own life. If the leader is not a good listener, then he/she should learn how to really listen. In addition to listening and carefully understanding what a team member is saying, leader should also make sure that every team member gets leader's undivided attention (Normand, Jackson 111). Unfortunately, as a listener, leaders have their own problems to face with. Listeners frequently have too many sound and visual signals reaching them at the same time. It is difficult for the listener to pay attention to multiple speakers all at once. Also, there could be a number of other problems the leader could be facing in their own life. The leader as a listener will never listen with understanding until other matters are forgotten for the moment and attention is given to the speaker. Another problem involved with listening is the leader not being able to understand the words being spoken. Hearing what is being spoken is just a part of listening, but understanding some of the words could be tricky sometimes. To avoid problems involving listening, the listener should use good eye contact so that he/she can concentrate on the particular speaker. That helps the listener pay attention on the subject too. Leader should also learn the meaning of the words the speaker is using and if he is unable to understand, he needs to ask questions. This also lets the speaker know that the listener is unable to understand and the listener is paying attention. Planning is determining what you want to accomplish, working out beforehand how it is to be done, deciding who will responsible for each step, and having every phase written down. One of the leader's objectives is to be able to appreciate the value of careful and complete planning. Good leader applies the steps of good planning to each part of life. The leader should visually plan the steps involved to reach a certain goal. For example, assume that an organizational agenda is â€Å"A return on assets of atleast 15 percent, revenues per employee over $155,000 annually, zero customer complaints, twenty new products†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crosby 33). The first step is to separate the revenue-producing areas into those that are never going to reach that performance level, those that could with the correct investment of time or money, and those that are meeting it now. Things that can must replace those that cannot meet. This sort of planning is a regular part of leaders organizational life (33). The biggest problem with planning is it is time consuming and involves a lot of thought. In addition, it involved paperwork and other systematic procedures. Many people hate paperwork and following systematic procedures, which makes the planning process inefficient. To achieve good planning results without any problems, the leader should set a broad goal or objective and decide what form the project will take. Then develop a step-by-step course of action to completion (Lundy 13). Keeping all the other objectives in mind, the plan should then be put into effect while readjusting the plan as necessary. Most important of all the leadership principles is to be able to effectively manage time. The leader must determine not only how he will use his own time, but also how the group's time will be used. Managing time effectively will allow the leader to achieve success, happiness and pride at the workforce. As a leader, personal time management is one of the chief objectives. At work place, the leader should manage meeting time more effectively. The leader should develop and follow his own personal plan for the effective use of time. Often times leaders find having trouble with managing time. Due to poor organization and lack of planning, time management becomes a tricky task. â€Å"Being unable to set the priorities will make time management process very ineffective and sometimes completely useless† (Washbush, Rausch 269). There are several ways to manage the group's or organization's time effectively. The leader should provide a job description to each person. To save more time, the leader should train or take key people further and commit to these key people when things need to be done immediately. These key people should be kept informed and the leader should have these key people take initiative to report back. The leader should utilize only the time needed for successful completion of the group project, event or activity. Every individual working in the team is important and every individual has varied talents and not to mention problems of their own. Knowing the person, understanding the person and identifying the strengths and needs of the individual are vital for the leader in order to be most effective with the person (Rausch, Washbush 233-235). Leader's objective is to perform more effectively as a leader by getting to know and understand individual members of the group. Leader should be able identify the characteristics and needs of the members of a group. The leader should be able to look for and accept the strengths of each individual (Lundy 43-45). Getting to know a person is a very complex skill and there are several problems involved during this process. People are complex. An individual is like a mixed bag with different characteristics. Until many of the characteristics of an individual are identified, it is impossible to begin to know and understand that person. To overcome the problems of knowing a person, the leader should spend more time with his team members. The leader should make attempts to know the needs and characteristics of his team member and fellow employees. Every human being has need for love. If we love a person, we care for that person and we try not to hurt the person in any way. Love is expressed by doing things to strengthen, improve, support and defend the one loved. A good leader does what is morally and ethically right and does not abuse the management power or privileges he/she has over their sub-ordinates. A good leader loves and gives individual consideration, coaches, advises and gives help to those who need it. A good leader also treats newcomers with a lot of respect and love (Row). Leader should give love to each person he associates with. The primary objective is to overcome the fear as a leader by extablishing close feelings of love with the team members. â€Å"Leadership involves being as well as doing. Individual styles of leadership may be quite different, yet equally effective† (Lundy 76). As conditions and situations change, leaders need to change their styles of leadership. The challenge of the leader is not to follow one leadership style all the time, but to use the leadership style needed by his followers. Leaders should maintain the power or influence of their offices by being kind and knowledgeable. The primary objective of being the leader would be to recognize the qualities necessary for a leader to be successful. Leader should be able to recognize various leadership styles and understand when each would be appropriate. â€Å"Sometimes leader will have to follow their group member and in such situations the good leader will appreciate the leadership in other while serving the role of a follower†(Carlin). Leader often have trouble deciding what leadership style to be used at what given instance. Another problem with leaders is that some leaders tend to follow the same leadership principles all the time and this is not a good idea to tackle special situations. The leader must not consider himself locked into a style of leadership with any individual or group. To avoid problems leaders should always act accordingly and change leadership skills depending on the situation and need. At the same time leader should be confident enough to be able to deal with the new skills (Carlin). Every group needs a leader and the group's performance depends on the leader either directly or indirectly. Whether it is a hospital, private practice, health maintenance organization, government facility, or university, or a business, they all need supervisors and leaders. The behavior as a manager has a direct impact on staff performance, productivity, satisfaction, and turnover. Proper Leadership skills are highly essential for a manager as well as the company or organization to become successful. The leadership principles mentioned in this paper are just a simple guideline for managers and leaders to follow; however, a good leader does not require any guidelines. A good leader inherits leadership qualities by inheritance of leadership abilities and characteristics from their own life. Leadership Motivation Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. â€Å"Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader's agenda† (Crosby 2). A leader motivates others to action. Thus, it is the motivation of others and their actions that defines a successful leader. In other words, leadership is the art and science of getting others to perform and achieve a vision. Therefore, leadership is not only reflected in performance, no matter how good that performance is, but in accomplishment. As a leader one's focus should be on accomplishing that leadership goals, whether in a personal, community or charitable, business, political, or industrial forum. In the business world, managers have a great responsibility of leading employees working under them. In order to achieve successful leadership, a leader or a manager should possess certain principles and essential skills. Leadership Principles, Objectives and Problems There are several principles a leader should follow to be successful. A few of the principles are as follows: The most important principle of leadership is ‘listening'. â€Å"A good leader is always an active listener† (Rausch, Washbush 143). Active listening shows that the leader cares, is interested and wants to be involved, enabling the n leader to benefit from the experience. The primary objective of a leader would be to adapt the principles of ‘listening' into their own life. If the leader is not a good listener, then he/she should learn how to really listen. In addition to listening and carefully understanding what a team member is saying, leader should also make sure that every team member gets leader's undivided attention (Normand, Jackson 111). Unfortunately, as a listener, leaders have their own problems to face with. Listeners frequently have too many sound and visual signals reaching them at the same time. It is difficult for the listener to pay attention to multiple speakers all at once. Also, there could be a number of other problems the leader could be facing in their own life. The leader as a listener will never listen with understanding until other matters are forgotten for the moment and attention is given to the speaker. Another problem involved with listening is the leader not being able to understand the words being spoken. Hearing what is being spoken is just a part of listening, but understanding some of the words could be tricky sometimes. To avoid problems involving listening, the listener should use good eye contact so that he/she can concentrate on the particular speaker. That helps the listener pay attention on the subject too. Leader should also learn the meaning of the words the speaker is using and if he is unable to understand, he needs to ask questions. This also lets the speaker know that the listener is unable to understand and the listener is paying attention. Planning is determining what you want to accomplish, working out beforehand how it is to be done, deciding who will responsible for each step, and having every phase written down. One of the leader's objectives is to be able to appreciate the value of careful and complete planning. Good leader applies the steps of good planning to each part of life. The leader should visually plan the steps involved to reach a certain goal. For example, assume that an organizational agenda is â€Å"A return on assets of atleast 15 percent, revenues per employee over $155,000 annually, zero customer complaints, twenty new products†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crosby 33). The first step is to separate the revenue-producing areas into those that are never going to reach that performance level, those that could with the correct investment of time or money, and those that are meeting it now. Things that can must replace those that cannot meet. This sort of planning is a regular part of leaders organizational life (33). The biggest problem with planning is it is time consuming and involves a lot of thought. In addition, it involved paperwork and other systematic procedures. Many people hate paperwork and following systematic procedures, which makes the planning process inefficient. To achieve good planning results without any problems, the leader should set a broad goal or objective and decide what form the project will take. Then develop a step-by-step course of action to completion (Lundy 13). Keeping all the other objectives in mind, the plan should then be put into effect while readjusting the plan as necessary. Most important of all the leadership principles is to be able to effectively manage time. The leader must determine not only how he will use his own time, but also how the group's time will be used. Managing time effectively will allow the leader to achieve success, happiness and pride at the workforce. As a leader, personal time management is one of the chief objectives. At work place, the leader should manage meeting time more effectively. The leader should develop and follow his own personal plan for the effective use of time. Often times leaders find having trouble with managing time. Due to poor organization and lack of planning, time management becomes a tricky task. â€Å"Being unable to set the priorities will make time management process very ineffective and sometimes completely useless† (Washbush, Rausch 269). There are several ways to manage the group's or organization's time effectively. The leader should provide a job description to each person. To save more time, the leader should train or take key people further and commit to these key people when things need to be done immediately. These key people should be kept informed and the leader should have these key people take initiative to report back. The leader should utilize only the time needed for successful completion of the group project, event or activity. Every individual working in the team is important and every individual has varied talents and not to mention problems of their own. Knowing the person, understanding the person and identifying the strengths and needs of the individual are vital for the leader in order to be most effective with the person (Rausch, Washbush 233-235). Leader's objective is to perform more effectively as a leader by getting to know and understand individual members of the group. Leader should be able identify the characteristics and needs of the members of a group. The leader should be able to look for and accept the strengths of each individual (Lundy 43-45). Getting to know a person is a very complex skill and there are several problems involved during this process. People are complex. An individual is like a mixed bag with different characteristics. Until many of the characteristics of an individual are identified, it is impossible to begin to know and understand that person. To overcome the problems of knowing a person, the leader should spend more time with his team members. The leader should make attempts to know the needs and characteristics of his team member and fellow employees. Every human being has need for love. If we love a person, we care for that person and we try not to hurt the person in any way. Love is expressed by doing things to strengthen, improve, support and defend the one loved. A good leader does what is morally and ethically right and does not abuse the management power or privileges he/she has over their sub-ordinates. A good leader loves and gives individual consideration, coaches, advises and gives help to those who need it. A good leader also treats newcomers with a lot of respect and love (Row). Leader should give love to each person he associates with. The primary objective is to overcome the fear as a leader by extablishing close feelings of love with the team members. â€Å"Leadership involves being as well as doing. Individual styles of leadership may be quite different, yet equally effective† (Lundy 76). As conditions and situations change, leaders need to change their styles of leadership. The challenge of the leader is not to follow one leadership style all the time, but to use the leadership style needed by his followers. Leaders should maintain the power or influence of their offices by being kind and knowledgeable. The primary objective of being the leader would be to recognize the qualities necessary for a leader to be successful. Leader should be able to recognize various leadership styles and understand when each would be appropriate. â€Å"Sometimes leader will have to follow their group member and in such situations the good leader will appreciate the leadership in other while serving the role of a follower†(Carlin). Leader often have trouble deciding what leadership style to be used at what given instance. Another problem with leaders is that some leaders tend to follow the same leadership principles all the time and this is not a good idea to tackle special situations. The leader must not consider himself locked into a style of leadership with any individual or group. To avoid problems leaders should always act accordingly and change leadership skills depending on the situation and need. At the same time leader should be confident enough to be able to deal with the new skills (Carlin). Every group needs a leader and the group's performance depends on the leader either directly or indirectly. Whether it is a hospital, private practice, health maintenance organization, government facility, or university, or a business, they all need supervisors and leaders. The behavior as a manager has a direct impact on staff performance, productivity, satisfaction, and turnover. Proper Leadership skills are highly essential for a manager as well as the company or organization to become successful. The leadership principles mentioned in this paper are just a simple guideline for managers and leaders to follow; however, a good leader does not require any guidelines. A good leader inherits leadership qualities by inheritance of leadership abilities and characteristics from their own life.

Bipolar Disorder 2

Bipolar Disorder 2 Essay Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is important that we keep looking for explanations of its causes and for more ways to treat this disorder. Bipolar has a large variety of symptoms, divided in two categories. One is the manic episodes, the other is depressive. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can turn into feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and reoccurring thoughts of death and suicide. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a deep sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, problems with concentrations and driving. Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females.Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes do experience a period of depression. Symptoms include elated, excited, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities. As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has found out in their research, bipolar disorder can create marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. Many times, bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the person ages. Many timess bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that follow each other without a period of remission. The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by extreme loss of judgment. Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences paranoid delusions. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes turns into violence. Sometimes both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time. This is called a mixed episode. Those affected are at special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that make them feel like they could jump out of their skin. Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they have the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another form of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more episodes within a 12 month period. Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960s. Its main function is to stabilize the cycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studies by F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate for bipolar subjects treated with Lithium was 78% (1990). Lithium is also the primary drug used for long- term maintenance of bipolar disorder. In a .

Philosophy and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy and Media - Essay Example Neo begins to seriously reflect upon the nature of his identity and existence in the middle of the movie as he is already taken to the Nebuchadnezzar. This rather personal and philosophical search begins with Agent Smith saying that Neo is seeking answers to his own questions although Neo himself does not even realize he is doing this. The point is that Neo’s search for himself and questions about his existence begins with a doubt, much like the 17th century philosopher Rene Descartes who wrote, â€Å"†¦it will be sufficient to justify the rejection of the whole if I shall find in each some ground for doubt† for this systematic process of doubting is â€Å"the only way to achieve clear and well-reasoned conclusions† (Author, Year). This means that if Neo had not doubted his existence, he would have simply stayed in the Matrix and, although such ignorance would have felt like bliss, he would forfeit all the possibility of knowing who he really is and what rea lity is actually like. As Morpheus tells Neo what he and reality are really like as well as what the Matrix is, this is the only time that Neo begins to realize his true identity and only then is he able to start being conscious of his own existence. Besides, â€Å"it would be impossible to be self-conscious if we didn’t have a personal identity of which to be conscious† (Author, Year). After Morpheus explains to Neo what he calls â€Å"the desert,† which is a rather simplistic term for what the real environment looks like in contrast with the virtual environment in the Matrix, Neo is shocked but is enlightened at the same time (Berman & Wachowski, 1999). Nevertheless, as he learns the truth that he is a person of and from this â€Å"desert,† it is only then that he comes to develop true self-consciousness. Moreover, Neo bases his own existence on his mind, or, more specifically, on the activities of his mind, or on his mental faculties. He knows that he exists only through his thoughts and his beliefs. The actions of his thoughts are evident in the scenes where he discovers his hidden abilities merely by thinking through his Kung Fu training with Morpheus and the one where he has to jump from one building rooftop to another. Through these scenes, Neo is able to prove once again a rationalistic approach to reflecting on his own identity. According to Descartes, â€Å"†¦it would even happen, if I should wholly cease to think, that I should at the same time altogether cease to be† (Author, Year). Therefore, realizing that he is a thinking being and that it is through this thinking faculty that he defines his own existence, Neo then proceeds from this and develops his self-consciousness and the various aspects of himself – physically, emotionally and intellectually – from his thinking mind. Furthermore, he also chooses the Real World as the place where he develops aspects of himself and not from the Matrix, wh ere such aspects are fake. In short, upon knowing that his true identity is that of the Real World, Neo has now attained a degree of self-consciousness where he would make choices only based on the context of the Real World and not anymore of the Matrix. The Matrix then, which is represented by Agent Smith

Employee Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Benefits - Essay Example In 1998 and 2000, other revisions on worker remuneration were effected. There was a proposition in 2002 to modify employee share based compensation. Actuarial gains and losses concerning employee benefits were acknowledged in 2004. In 2007, ceilings were introduced into defined benefit assets and funding requirements. In 2009, the ceilings on defined benefit assets and funding requirements were published as exposure drafts and discount rate for employee benefits using market yield corporate bonds was proposed. IAS 19 final interpretations were also published in 2009. The objective of IAS 19 Employee Benefits is to provide guidelines to both business and non-business organizations on how to measure, present and disclose the expenses of providing employee benefits. IAS 19 covers all known employee related expenditures. The employee benefits are expenses incurred by entities in exchange of services rendered by their employees. They include salaries and wages, profit sharing plans, compensated absences, leaves, deferred compensation programs, bonuses and free or subsidized good or services given to employees. It also covers various benefits paid to employees. The benefits are medical and life insurance benefits, pensions, house benefits, jubilee benefits, post employment medical and life insurance as well as termination benefits (Deloitte 2010c). IAS 19: Employee benefits suggest that organizations should acknowledge a liability or an expense resulting from consuming the service of an employee in the year in which the service was consumed. Therefore, IASB and IAS 19 recognize expenses incurred on the employee benefits on the year in which it occurred. The measurements, presentation and disclosures covers definite accounting period only. Measurement is defined as an action to obtain a magnitude of a given item or process. Therefore, employee benefits measurement is an attempt to assign value to what employees

Rainbow Connection-A not-for-Profit Organization Research Paper

Rainbow Connection-A not-for-Profit Organization - Research Paper Example The children are treated at The University of Texas Medical Branch Children's Hospital at Galveston, Texas. The organization is aimed towards fulfilling the goal of providing effective and high-quality health facilities to the children.The organization also offers summer camp activities to the children along with their brothers and sisters to boost their lost self-esteem and confidence. It is not for profit organization which supports children from cancer and their families during the treatment program. Rainbow connection camp is endorsed but not funded by the division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at University of Texas Medical Branch Children's Hospital in Galveston. The organization gains its public attention through its quarterly published newsletters, campaigns and through making its presence felt through social media networking sites. However, the organization has never made an appearance in newspapers and other printed publications. The group is aimed towards the betterment and development of the children and is least focused towards political associations and grouping. The organization is lobbyist by its own group of directors rather having paid lobbies. The board of directors (officers) lobbies to secure the rights for the medical and health facilities provided to the children. This organization is a university. Therefore neither it raises funds for PAC or makes any endorsement, campaign for any political candidate, or lobby with any group in particular.  This is mainly because this organization is prohibited by law from these activities or any sort of political involvement is not allowed from this organization by law.

Management portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management portfolio - Essay Example Project size can range from small to medium and the type could be large scale creation and type of built environment for example regeneration. Some of the critical determinants essential for full-fledged functionality of Civil Engineering the cross-functional processes adding value to the civil engineering system through effective concept and value designs. Some of the important areas of focus to enumerate the aspects of civil engineering are Each of the categories plays a pivotal role to understand the aspects of civil engineering and relationship between civil engineering and the respective categories and functions. Finally, there is a need to devise a document control process to ensure the accuracy of the information and also research on the relevance of the same in various aspects. The entire portfolio is supported with effective case studies, schematic diagrams and data tables for better understanding and application. It is important to understand the regulatory requirements in civil engineering for better functionality of the stream. These regulatory requirements are Health and Safety, Environmental and other specific regulatory like Buildings, Railways and Highways. In order to correlate the Health, Safety and Environmental aspect of management with the civil engineering management, there are many postulated theories explaining the need for the same.Risk involved in any health and safety is the accidents. An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled event that resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss, or could have resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss in slightly different circumstances Case study example CLIENT COMMITMENT AND ATTITUDE TO CONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY IN BOTSWANA Objective To identify present findings of a preliminary survey on the extent to which clients are involved in construction health and safety (H&S) implementation in Botswana. Methodology - A questionnaire survey was conduct ed on construction projects to establish the extent to which clients are involved in construction H&S. Physical observations were also conducted on construction sites in order to relate questionnaire responses to what was actually obtained on sites.  

The 1920's And the American Dream Speech or Presentation

The 1920's And the American Dream - Speech or Presentation Example In the 1920s, the viewpoint of the American Dream focuses on personal success in life regardless of their origin and social status. According to this perspective, the most important thing is for an individual to work hard in attaining their goals. Reference to this can be drawn from the book â€Å"Advertising the American Dream: Making way for Modernity† by Marchand Roland. In this work, the author gives a description of a character in which case he feels this figure represents the quintessential 1920s person who is living the American Dream. The writer says that this man not only succeeds in the fast-paced, contemporary urban milieu of tall storied structures, taxicabs, and luxury driven people, but also perceives himself well-experienced in the latest moves in fashion, modern lingo as well as popular activities. The book’s relationship to the American Dream is seen in the number of times it talks about the Great Gatsby. On the contrary, any reader of the work cannot d eny the link between the writers definition of the man living the American Dream and the Portrayal of Jay Gatsby, who works his way from a humble background to become a millionaire (Marchand, 99). In the Great Gatsby, the protagonist epitomizes the issue of personal success. We see an individual who is financially successful as well as in the social status, ultimately creating a novel individual out of himself regardless of his underprivileged past life. It is however evident that all the wealth that Gatsby acquires associated with the American Dream eventually lead to its demise. Consumerism and Excess material Wealth The 1920s and the American Dream is marked by consumerism and acquisition of excess material wealth. This identifies the culture of wealthy Americans as seen in Gatsby. At any moment Gatsby finds the opportunity, she displays seen through the lurid style of outfit. She has a huge mansion in which case she organizes frequent parties to show off to the rest of the Ameri can populace how hard working she has become. The American Dream in the 1920s can as well be referred to in terms of Veblen’s work, â€Å"The Theory of the Leisure Class.† He points out that a person gaining and sustaining the admiration of men is not sufficient through controlled wealth and power (Fitzgerald, 140). According to Veblen, the wealth and power should be put into substantiation. Veblen who advocates for the idea of conspicuous consumption that precisely describes the events in the Great Gatsby is attempting to establish that individuals that emanate from humble backgrounds and attain wealth through their hard-work, try to destroy reverence and admiration by showing off through purchases. Houses shown in the Great Gatsby are conceivably the most evident indicators of the inexorable completion to proclaim personal status. This is because a majority of the rich try to outshine each other in the size and amenities of their homes. It can therefore

Andrew Young Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Andrew Young - Research Paper Example At a very young age he realized the difference in treatment of blacks and whites and always wanted to bring a change to the society. At a very early age he learned principles which later became a central part of his contributions towards the Civil rights movement. He realized that fighting was not only the way one can settle a dispute and disputes could be settled through talks (Young 24). After attaining his bachelor’s level degree, he was not sure what he wanted to do and believed that he had a higher purpose to serve. During the summers of 1947, he started working as a volunteer at United Christian Youth Movement (Young 98). When he was operating as a volunteer, he realized that being of service was the best job anyone can have. He started believing that helping people regardless of their age and race was important and thus he finally came up with the decision of attaining the position of a minister. 5 years after working as a volunteer he learned regarding different religi ous leaders through a seminar and was really impressed by the teachings of Mohandas Gandhi (DeRoche 6). The teachings of Gandhi impressed him and he was able to relate with his teachings, especially with Gandhi’s teachings of nonviolent ways of solving disputes. During the same year, he was assigned with task of preaching to the community of Marion and while preaching he made his future life partner who shared Andrew’s ideology as well as objectives. 3 years later Andrew obtained a divinity degree and at that time he even realized that he had the ability to change the conflict taking place in the nation. Andrew started his contributions towards the Civil Rights Movement when he started being a religious preacher in Georgia. While preaching religion, he realized that he should make more efforts for the betterment of the society and thus started advocating the issue of equal voting rights. His

How the leader can maintain high quality performance Research Proposal

How the leader can maintain high quality performance - Research Proposal Example In terms of leadership theories, leaders can help maintain high quality performance by applying the applicable leadership style depending on the situation, the characteristics and personalities of the followers and the organizational goals. According to Martires (2004), â€Å"morale boosting is related to productivity and is an important function of leadership. Studies show that high morale is accompanied by high productivity. Good leadership effects a positive correlation between morale and productivity† (133). Leaders must be able to design and institute a balanced system of rewards and control, to monitor the progress of their subordinates, to appraise their performance and to motivate them towards the accomplishment of clearly defined tasks. Leaders acknowledge that the benefits of motivating, developing and training their followers contribute to high performance and productivity. Not only should leaders work towards achieving organizational goals, but also the personal an d professional goals of their followers. By acknowledging that leaders are genuinely committed towards the holistic development of people, would they be able to ensure that a high quality of performance is adhered to at all times. Work Cited Martires, Concepcion R.

The Road, Cormac Mccarthy Essay Example for Free

The Road, Cormac Mccarthy Essay The Road by Cormac McCarthy Rotted corpses. Landscapes devastated by fire. Abandoned towns and houses. In the post-apocalyptical novel, The Road, Cormac McCarthy explores the perseverance of a man and his son to survive in an obliterated world. He demonstrates that in spite of devastating conditions and dismal surroundings, goodness prevails over evil and an inherent goodness is present in humanity and the â€Å"good guy† no matter how dire the circumstances. Most importantly, the goodness portrayed, comes out of love. The man and the boy in this story are never named because the represent general humanity. If people , humans are provided with a reason to do the right thing, love, children, family, they will do whatever it takes. A parent will do completely unreasonable things to help, save their children out of love. He really doesn’t care what he has to do to keep his son alive – he would (and in fact did) murder a man for posing a threat to his son’s life. In page 76 of the book, the father tells the boy: â€Å"You wanted to know what the bad guys looked like. Now you know. It may happen again. My job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? † The lives of the man and the boy truly are worst-case scenarios. How many times have we wondered at one point or another in our lives if we’d be willing to take a bullet to the head or kill someone for our families’ or loved ones’ sake? These characters have been placed in that exact situation. They live in a post-apocalyptic world where human beings have been stripped to their core and have been driven to extremes by their innate need to survive, and they are no exception. The father is carrying out all those â€Å"what ifs† – he is doing what he must to keep his son safe. Truly, the only thing that keeps them going is their love for one another. â€Å"A symbol of the goodness in human perseverance and hope is the fire that the father assures his son they carry. As a good guy, the man and the boy carry the fire internally, meaning that they strive to live under all circumstances. † â€Å"The man does not consider acting violently in defense of his sons survival evil. Yet, what makes this choice more praiseworthy than the choices of the people who kill and even cannibalize others in order to survive? † Truck event: The difference between the father’s actions and the actions of the other people mentioned is that the father committed murder to preserve his son’s life, something he holds dear. This is a just cause. However, the violent acts committed by the aforementioned people were generally for self gain. Violence begets violence e. g. canibbals continue their blood thirsty ventures vs the dads violence restores peace and ends the violence. Son is a symbol of goodness, father sees him as christ figure†¦. the boy cannot agree with his father that the right thing to do is to refuse to help others who are in dire need, especially when they have not shown any evidence of being dangerous. Son sees dad as selfish (e. g. alues his sons life) while son himself is selfless†¦ the father does not trust any other individual they see or meet. Only his son extends his humbling trust in others, offering to help Ely and the thief without first determining whether their intentions are malicious. the boy does not understand the need to hurt others in any circumstances, even when they may pose a danger to his own survival or have already hurt him. For example, the boy pleads for his father to spare the thief and, even more, to help him. End Event Father Dies: Thesis:

Environmental impacts Essay Example for Free

Environmental impacts Essay Environmental impacts of fuel utilization include critical issues such as resource and pollutant issues. The analysis on quantifying the extent should include greenhouse gas emissions and its effect to the environment. Worldwide, the demand for biofuels has been increasing dramatically. With the fast depleting fossil fuels, current initiatives to attain energy sufficiency and sustainability is being pursued with biofuels as one of the alternatives, Moreover, the utilization of alternative fuels is being proposed to address current environmental issues on global warming. Studies on biofuels, specifically bioethanol and biodiesel showed promising results in reducing GHG emissions and in turn create a positive impact on the environment. Given the increasing demand for biofuels, benefits brought about by its utilization is expected to be significant specifically on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. While there are issues on land use and energy balance for biofuels, extensive research should be conducted in order to identify the most viable biofuel feedstock as well as other aspects in its production and utilization. Introduction Biofuel refers to fuels made from biomass and primarily used for motive, thermal and power generation. The earliest experiences in combustion were with the utilization of solid biofuels for domestic needs. Later, liquid biofuels became equally valuable energy resources. Years before the discovery of petroleum, ethanol was already being used as lamp fuel. By 1860, distilleries in the United States of America produced at least 90 million gallons of alcohol per year for lighting. Vegetable oils were also found to be good home heating oils and engine fuels for stationary power systems. Rudolf Diesel has originally invented the diesel engine to run on vegetable oil specifically from peanut. Samuel Morey developed an engine that ran on ethanol and turpentine as early as 1826. Nikolaus Otto, the German inventor who is best known for his development of a modern internal combustion engine, used ethanol as the fuel in one of his engines in the year 1860. Henry Ford’s first automobile was fuelled by pure ethanol. He also fabricated the first flexible fuel vehicle (Model T in 1903) which is fuelled by either gasoline or ethanol or by a mixture of both. Cars and other vehicles, however, begun running on cheap crude oil or petroleum as soon as reserves were discovered in the United States of America. Nevertheless, biofuels remained important energy resources competing with imported oil in countries such as Germany and Great Britain up to the close of World War II. Biodiesel Biodiesel, classified as a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel which is produced thru extraction of natural fats and oils. It can substantially reduce green house gas emission due to its low sulfur content. It is now commonly used in various parts of the world. Biodiesel can replace petroleum diesel in both the transport and non-transport applications. A shift in the utilization of alternative energy resources (including alternative fuels) will change the total demand for biodiesel as well as the level of utilization in specific applications. Bioethanol â€Å"Bioethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from the fermentation of sugar or other converted biomass. In its purest form it is a colorless clear liquid with mild characteristic odor that boils at 78oC and freezes at 112oC† (www. doe. gov. ph). Ethanol burns more cleanly because it contains oxygen and has a high octane number, hence less carbon monoxide emissions and averts premature detonation. It burns slightly cooler, extending engine life, and promotes higher volumetric efficiency of the engine, thus, increases power. Adding ethanol to gasoline â€Å"oxygenates† the fuel so that it burns with less emissions. Most modern gasoline vehicles could operate on pure ethanol with a few basic engine modifications. â€Å"A 10% blend requires no engine modification while making a contribution to reducing emissions. Anything more than 10% requires engine modification† (www. doe. gov. ph). The other commercial blends are E15 (U. S. A. ), E20 (Brazil), E85 (Sweden and Minnesota), and E100 (used with 4% water in Brazil and Argentina). Fuel ethanol is primarily used for land transport as alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. Other Biofuels The potentials of other alcohols such as methanol, propanol and butanol can be exhaustively explored for very specific future applications that can further increase the total amount of biofuel substitute to conventional fossil and fossil derived fuels. Methanol produced from biomass is not economically competitive at present. There is, however, an interesting possibility as alternative to hydrogen as fuel. Propanol and butanol can be produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Butanol, particularly, is produced by fermentation in a process that can be modified for high net enegy gains. It has sufficiently similar characteristics with gasoline fuel such that there is high probability that it can be burned pure in existing commercial engines without modification and without any difficulty. There are other important biofuels such as biogas, charcoal, producer gas, etc. They can be processed and utilized in accordance with the provisions of existing laws, rules, regulations and standards. Studies are conducted in order that these important biofuels can be integrated into the biofuels program in a package for both energy and socio-economic objectives. Other First Generation Biofuels The most common First Generation Biofuel is biogas which is a product of anaerobic digestion of organic materials an example of which is methane from wastes. Both the gas and digestate can be used as fuel. The utilization is usually site specific because of the environmental implications of production. A number of big commercial farms are producing and using biogas from wastes for process heating and the generation of supplementary power. Another first generation biofuel is Charcoal which is the product of the carbonization of hydrocarbon materials including wastes. Producer gas is from the gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock. In the late seventies, this fuel was utilized as engine fuel. The gas was generated from small wood chips fed into a reactor mounted unto the vehicle. Second-generation Biofuels â€Å"Second generation biofuels are those from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock using advanced technical processes. Being currently developed are: BioHydrogen, Bio- dimethylether (Bio-DME), Biomethanol, dimethylfuran (DMF), High Temperature Upgrading (HTU) diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Mixed Alcohols† (http://www. export. gov). Biofuels, A Preferred Energy Source The earliest experiences in combustion were with the utilization of solid biofuels for domestic needs. Later, liquid biofuels became equally valuable energy resources. In the aftermath of the war, abundance of cheap crude oil from the Middle East brought about the reduced interest in biofuels. The oil crises of 1973 and 1979, however, brought about urgent need for extenders and substitutes, temporarily focusing attention on the indigenous and renewable biofuels. In view of the rising prices (Figure 1) as well as the uncertainty of supply of crude oil and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, it is time for a major shift in the energy mix towards the use of cleaner indigenous renewable energy in the interest of energy security, the economy and the environment. The start of the present decade ushered in the realization that the era of cheap fossil fuels, particularly petroleum, is drawing to a close. Figure 2 shows the historical and projected petroleum contribution to the world energy mix. The rising oil prices shall persist not only because of depletion of reserves but also because of the continuing political instability in the Middle East. Developing countries shall soon find it difficult to compete for access. There is also the matter of worsening green house gas emissions from excessive burning of fossil fuels. Continuing dependence on crude oil, therefore, is disadvantageous in terms of national security, the economy and the environment. Figure 3 shows the projected greenhouse gases emissions from developed and developing countries based on historical human and natural emissions. In view of the rising prices as well as the uncertainty of supply of crude oil and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, it is time for a major shift in the energy mix towards the use of cleaner indigenous renewable energy in the interest of energy security, the economy and the environment.

Theeb (2014) Summary and Review

Theeb (2014) Summary and Review Brandon Sanders  Ã‚   Theeb is a drama thriller film directed by Jordanian film director, Naji Abu Nowar. The film is about a young Bedouin boy named Theeb, played by Jacir Eid, who must adventure across the large desert of Wadi Rum. It takes place in the middle east surrounding World War I and is set during a period known as the Arab Revolt. This was a time when Arab nationalists sought to fight for independence from the Ottoman Empire. They saw an opportunity to be able to free Arab lands from the control of Turkish oppression, but could only accomplish this with the help of British officials. Which is why Edward, played by English actor Jack Fox, accompanies the boy in the journey of a lifetime (Stephen 2015: 1). Additionally, much of Theeb was filmed in Wadi Rum, located in southern Jordan. Although, it was split up into three locations; the first event, Theebs tribal encampment, was shot in Wadi Araba. The second event, the pilgrims trail, was shot in wadi rum. Finally, the third event, the ottoman fortress, was shot near Amman. This is one of the things that attracted me to the film because of how accurate and true to nature the locations were. It wasnt like they were filming in America trying to portray what happened, instead they chose Wadi Rum which has deep roots in Bedouin history and culture. Another aspect of the film that attracted me was how recent it had been released. Its hard to find foreign films that are contemporary and true to culture. What I mean by true to the culture is they dont use directors or actors from outside the culture because in most cases it could lead to inaccuracy or manipulation of the film, and all the actors were recruited from the Bedouin tribe. Except f or Jack fox of course, who played the British soldier. Which is why Theeb was a perfect choice to help describe Bedouin cultural context and meaning. For this reason, it is important to be able to understand Bedouin culture to fully appreciate the film. The Bedouin, a nomadic Arabic-speaking culture from the Middle East, are animal herders of the desert. Meaning they earn their living primarily from animal husbandry by natural graze and browse of sheep, goats, and camels (Chatty 2009: 1).   Traditionally speaking, the Bedouin seasonally migrate over the Middle East and North Africa depending on pasture and water because they need animals for survival. This largely plays into the subsistence of the culture, whereas the core of Bedouin subsistence is pastoral nomadism.   Another important aspect of the culture that one should note before watching the film is Bedouin history and cultural relations. For the most part, Bedouin societies are always linked to other non-pastoral societies by economic, social, and political relations. Meaning that they are considered specialist in livestock breeding in terms of local context. This is important when understanding the role of Bedouin societies for aspects concerning cultural relations. In addition to this, Bedouin history is largely important. In regards to the film, the most important information to note is the Arab Revolt. The Arab Revolt started in 1916 with the goal of gaining independence from the Ottoman Turks, with the hopes of being able to unite a single Arab state. This largely was due to the appeal of Arab nationalism, and is sometimes referred to as the Arab Awakening (Jones 2013: 399-401). In the film, you see the this portrayed in the actors as they fight their way across the desert accompanied by British soldier. In addition to this, there is much cultural meaning with the work. It exemplifies the culture by showing history in an accurate setting and using actors from a Bedouin tribe to help illustrate Bedouin culture. It portrays to the audience the lifestyle of Bedouin culture by showing accurate representations of camps and implementing core values. Values such as the importance of hospitality within Bedouin culture. Hospitality is greatly ritualized and taught within the teachings of the Quran. And, for the most part, Bedouin are considered Sunni Muslims and follow the teaching of the Quran. In fact, hospitality is so important that guests must be protected as if they were family members (Chatty 2009: 7). The film portrays this accurately with the acceptance of the British soldier, Edward. The film also shows the roles of men, where traditional Bedouin- Arab families are dominated by males. Also, shown in the film, men are the primary outfitters of war and political issues. Furthermore, this film helps to signify or convey traditional values and history of Bedouin culture by accurately following cultural context and history within the film. Such as Men having dominant roles within the film and showing cultural context such as religious practices of hospitality. It shows the importance and struggle of Bedouin history, and makes known the traditional aspects within the culture. Traditional aspects such as subsistence, identification and location, history and cultural relations, and religious beliefs and practices. All in all, Theeb is an excellent feature film from Bedouin culture and accurately highlights and shows key aspects of the culture. Furthermore, the film represents a universal message that translates to all cultures. Inspiring perseverance through trials and tribulations and encouraging traditional cultural practices inspiring nationalism. It is a contemporary example that even today films can be made that exemplify culture. Citations Chatty, D. (2009). Culture Summary: Bedouin. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files. Retrieved from http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=mj04-000 JONES, C., MILTON-EDWARDS, B. (2013). Missing the devils we knew? Israel and political Islam amid the Arab Awakening. International Affairs, 89(2), 399-415. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12024 Holden, S. (2015, November 05). Review: In Theeb, a Bedouin Boys Brutal Coming-of-Age. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/movies/review-in-theeb-a-bedouin-boys-brutal-coming-of-age.html

Letter from Sidney to Shakespeare: A Comparison of Two Sonnets :: 81 Play Essays

Letter from Sidney to Shakespeare: A Comparison of Two Sonnets My Dearest William, I have just returned from seeing your marvelous new tragedy Romeo and Juliet, and I wish to offer my sincere congratulations on another stupendous success! One particular passage from the play has stuck in my mind. In the first act, scene five, Romeo and Juliet exchange a dialogue about a kiss which is in the form of a sonnet. This reminded me of one of my own sonnets: Sonnet #81 of Astrophil and Stella. Your views on the subject of kissing are very interesting, and in many ways parallel my own. For instance, you compare kissing to a holy and prayer-like act, where as I compare it to a union of souls. There was one aspect of your sonnet that reminded me very much of my own. Your Juliet is very clever and quick-witted in speaking to the lovesick Romeo in the same way that my Stella is in her response to Astrophil. In your poem, Romeo believes he is being very clever, but Juliet consistently turns his quick-witted statements around on him. Romeo tries to flatter Juliet by calling her hand a â€Å"holy shrine† which he hesitates to â€Å"profane with [his] unworthiest hand† (Shakespeare, I.v.95-6). Juliet later insisted that he does not give himself enough credit: â€Å"you do wrong your hand too much† (I.v.99). Romeo compares his lips to â€Å"two blushing pilgrims† with which he offers to remedy his rough touch by giving her a kiss. This begins an extended metaphor of the relationship between saints, their supplicants, and in a roundabout way, God. As Juliet explains, pilgrims show their devotion when they appeal to saints in prayer. A â€Å"holy palmer’s kiss,† is a prayer, â€Å"palm to palm,† to the saint (I.v.102). In much the same way, Romeo places his hand together with Juliet’s hand in a sort of prayer. Romeo tries to use this analogy to his advantage by asking, â€Å"Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?† (I.v.103). However Juliet replies to his apparent cleverness by explaining that both saints and pilgrims use their lips in prayer, not in simple kissing as Romeo is suggesting. Romeo then makes a last effort to obtain the kiss he desires. He calls her a saint, implying that he intends to be her pilgrim.

Integrating Anthropogenic Pollutants to Hard Red Wheat for Analysis of

Within the last century society’s reliance on petroleum and petroleum based products increased drastically. Currently the United States, the planet’s largest petroleum consumer, consumes twenty-five percent of the planet’s total petroleum, while only holding two percent of the natural resource (Banerjee, 2012). This has led to environmental catastrophes and cultural dependencies. Environmental catastrophes, which include the British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon Gulf spill, have demonstrated how a society dependent on petroleum can negatively affect the environment. Currently the Gulf is still undergoing heavy renovation to restore the once naturally rich environment. Oil spills, like the Deepwater Horizon, have led to growing concern about the chemicals society as a whole use and the effects they have on the environment. These catastrophes have led to hot topic debates, mainly due to the harmful anthropogenic pollutants entering the environment, which include global warming fresh water and soil quality. With these concerns arising, the need to protect the environment from anthropogenic pollutants entering the environment is in dire need. Anthropogenic pollutions can enter the soil directly or indirectly. This can originate from leaks, run-offs, mid-night dumping, improper discharge of chemical waste and a wide variety of other sources. Regulation to prevent pollution is in place by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and the World Health Organization (WHO) in Europe. However, societies have become reliant on petroleum and petroleum based products, so the need to adapt and evolve becomes necessary in order to combat these pollutants. Adapting and evolving becomes a necessity if a society... ...cessed on March . 13, 2012. Banks K.M, and Schultz E. K. 2005. â€Å"Comparison of Plants for Germination Toxicity Test in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils.† Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 167: 211- 219. Dominguez-Rosado Elena, and John Pichtel. 2004. â€Å"Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Used Motor Oil: II. Greenhouse Studies.† Environmental. Engineering Science 21:169-180. Gillian Adam, and Harry Duncan. 2002. â€Å"Influence of diesel fuel on seed .germination.† Environmental Pollution 120: 363.370. Scotts Miracle Gro. 2012. â€Å"Osmocote Potting Soil.† http://www.scotts.com/smg/catalog/productTemplate.jsp?proId=prod10650020&. itemId=cat10290002&tabs=general. Assessed on March 21, 2003. Tang Jingchun, Wang Min, Wang Fei, Qing Sun, and Qizing Zhou. 2011. â€Å"Eco-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.† Journal of Environmental Science 23: 845-85.1.

Exercise Addiction Essay -- Exercise Dependence

Exercise is often thought of in a positive light. It is common belief in today’s society that a healthy diet and a regular exercise routine will lead to a long, healthy life. And in the simplest sense of the word, it will. It has been a tried and true method to control and lose weight, lift a person’s mood, boost energy, combat a variety of health conditions and diseases, promote better sleep patterns, and even increase libido. (Mayo Clinic, July 23, 2011). So with all of these being possible and probable benefits of working out, why would it possibly be anything other than good? Certainly, something with so many benefits can’t be a bad thing? However, we may overlook the fact that it is like any good thing; in excess it can become dangerous very quickly. In society, there are increasingly more athletes that are pushing themselves so hard to the point they are making themselves sick. Whatever happened to exercising for simple joy, or competing becau se of a love for sport? The motivations behind an individual’s exercise habits are directly related to whether they develop an addiction. There is even a term for this over exercising phenomenon: Exercise Addiction, or Exercise Dependence. Exercise dependence is a craving that a person would experience, manifesting itself in the form of compulsiveness in relation to exercise behaviour. It can show in physiological symptoms, such as withdrawal, or psychological signs like anxiety and depression. (Hausenblaus, Downs. 2000). Some of these psychological symptoms can be observed in anyone who is competitive and/or elite in their chosen sport, but it may not necessarily mean that they are â€Å"addicted†. It is not nearly as likely to see such behaviours in moderate exe... ...iate control that they are more at risk for addiction. Research still needs to clarify many facets of this affliction, so that the general public can access and be educated on the topic. If this is achieved, the incidence of exercise addiction should decrease, and eventually become just a shadow of its current state. Works Cited http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1751359/ http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/brain.html http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32573781/ns/health-fitness/t/runners-high-can-turn-real-addiction/#.Ttg0LPLTpMY http://www.anorexiaathletica.com/ Carroll, D., S. Rodgers, I. Cockerill, and D. Bamber. "Diagnostic Criteria for Exercise Dependence in Women." National Centre for Biotechnology Information. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Oct. 2003. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. .

The Wife of Bath

Madison Roan English 2332-CO1 Professor Heaslip Nov 18, 2012 Week 12 Alyson undoubtedly was a self-assured woman in the pilgrim expedition and her numerous marriages and declaring how she dealt with her husbands through sexual influence and trickery. However, I believe that Alyson perhaps was a realistic character of metropolitan woman with certain prosperity in the medieval England. I consider that Chaucer was justly attempting to define Alyson realistically and founded her on what he saw of actual women with her qualities in the London during his time.Alyson is what woman truly wants to be, however; don’t convey their true feelings. The Wife of Bath contradicts with everything a woman was back then. I believe that similar the additional characters in the Canterbury Tales, The Wife of Bath was intended to display how culture actually was through irony and drama. The Wife of Bath's Tale is voiced from a woman's position. She demonstrates in her story that the entity women most yearn is whole control over their husbands.It is said how she had the greater influence in all of her marriages. The Wife of Bath tells a tale of love, passion and enchantment. The Knight's Tale flawlessly portrays the character of a Knight: That is, he chooses love, righteousness, chivalry, and exploration. His story spoke of two cousins and brothers, who were embodied by the desire of one woman, Emily. They are both different when it comes to the women of the tales over the overall point of the stories are the same; love, passion and magic. Read also: â€Å"My Ideal Wife†

Fave Ford Case Study Analysis

External logistic suppliers are used to manage inbound supply chain. Customers are encouraged to use computers to balance supply and demand. Both companies are focused on strategic partnership with Its suppliers. There might be some escalates between Dell and Ford there are some difference In the operation of the companies. B) Dell forecast its demand with short term forecast and any change in instantly shared within the company and its suppliers. Ford relies on long term forecasting. C) Ford supply chain is more complex then dell.Following are the alternatives and options ford can apply Alternative 1 Design a mixture of online and offline operations and form procedures to enable customization and ordering by customers over the internet but maintain physical dealerships as well. Advantages: a) Customization to customers, start a supply chain vertical integration business model. B) Open new market segment and attract clients who like online shopping. C) Reduction in overhead and inven tory carrying costs. D) Direct control on customer service experience.Disadvantages: a) Costly, time consuming that requires internal and external changes which are not easy to handle and integrate with other operations. B) Independent dealers will complain due to internal competition. ) Suppliers' inability to keep up to speed with Fords modern IT technology. Alternative 2 Create a virtually integrated supply chain based on Dell's model. Ford and all its suppliers would share information between their systems and the Internet to coordinate the flow of materials and production. All customer orders would be taken Page 2 either via Ford's web site or by phone and then build.A pull system would be implemented completely. A) Customization to clients, start of vertical integration in the supply chain. B) Customers' needs are met faster at higher profits due the elimination of reseller's ark-ups. C) Directly control customer service. D) Minimal inventory carrying costs and higher order le ad time. E) The ability to forecast demand is significantly better. F) Improved relationships with both customers and suppliers. Disadvantages: a) Ford's traditional processes and production methods would have to be changed to take advantage of this new form of supply-chain management.Since it is a Very costly and time consuming activity, the difference in the two industries makes it a risky option. C) Change management h as to take off etc w hi chi I s costs y and emotional y sensitive. Recommendation and Implementation: Keeping the existing supply chain would continue to deliver the same dismal results and declining profits for the company. After careful examination and review of the alternatives, we came to conclude that the long term implication of the second alternative is the company going out of business, which eliminates option 2.This option seems illogical when we take into account the fact that Ford is an automobile manufacturing company and Dell assembles customized compu ters for its customers via the internet, eliminating dealerships all across and relying only on their website or its sales will put it at a great disadvantage with competitors. So we would recommend Ford to extend its Virtual-business strategy by partially implementing the Dell's model of supply chain (Alternative 1).The part of the Dell's model which does not fit with Ford need to be discarded. The dealers would still play a role in the distribution since the buying experience of a car from a dealer cannot be substituted by something virtual like a ad model on a computer or images and description online. Implementation In order for Ford to implement option 1, their IT systems should be centralized and hared with suppliers since its Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers might not be able to update their IT infrastructure as often as Ford.Suppliers can have access to central design database while Ford controls the access and functionality as per Management Information System-Ford Case Study An alysis Page 3 the operational requirements. The whole coordinated system would ensure a smooth flow of materials and reduced bottlenecks and enhance the efficiency of the supply chain giving a competitive edge to Ford. And lastly, we feel that dealerships can play a more involved role in forecasting customer demand and Ford should explore the option of outsourcing it to a firm which specializes in forecasting demand and can work with each dealer or network of dealers.Monitoring and Control In order for the new system to function appropriately as intended, Ford must perform the following functions: 1 . Appoint an IT specialist as a liaison to coordinate all IT activities with all suppliers in order to insure a smooth flow of information among the supply chain partners and immediately resolve issues as they arise. 2. Moon tort customers' only I nee orders by revive ewe Eng all order I dead times. The it me f mom the customer order initiation to delivery must not exceed a standard peri od of 3.Initiate an online customer satisfaction program in which customers will evaluate and rate their customer experience with Ford. 4. After every 6-8 month, review the performance and make recommendations on improvements to the appropriate authority. 5. Annual executive meetings should be held to review the progress of the business model. As well, review the shareholder value to check whether it's increasing or decreasing. Conclusion: Dell has focused on entrepreneurial and flexible approach; any chance can be embedded instantly across the organization.Ford is much bigger organization as compared to dell and has developed its operation capabilities over the period of time. Virtual integration should be implemented by ford more efficiently. It will help ford to be more efficient in term of production and quick to respond for any change in the real time. By virtual integration ford can look forward for more profitability as their overhead and inventory carrying cost will decrease . Furthermore, the over all success of this business model will depend mainly on the performance of their shareholder value. Page 4

Of Mice and Men Prologue

The sun set through the window of the bar. A girl with bouncing brown ringlets and yellow feathers in her hair and deep blood red lips was set on a bar stool talking to the bar tender, â€Å"I tell ya what Tony, one day I'ma be somethin', you just watch. I ain't selliin you no baloney. I'ma go into town, get outta this hell hole and make something of myself. I wasn't born to be a nobody singin' in a bar every night that's for sure, I'ma make it big Tony. I'ma be in the pictures one day.† â€Å"You need to stop dreamin kid. It ain't gonna get you nowhere just broken hearted. We all have our hopes an' dreams, but nothin' ever happens. You best go get ready now, you're on in five.† The girl was barely 16 in her bright blue eyes, but was looking more than 25 in her low cut sparkling sun yellow dress. She shuffled off her bar stool to the stage where she stood in front of her microphone facing the audience of big burly men shouting at each other, playing card games, and drinking ale. The man on the piano started playing and the room went silent, all except one voice and a piano. The sweetest sound anyone in that room had ever heard. The girl sensed all the men's eyes falling on her and she cherished the attention. She started to shake her hips and glide around the stage, lapping up the wolf whistles from all the men. Two men entered the bar, both the same height; One was an elderly men, with white hair and a beard, the other just slightly older than her. They stood out amongst all the other men in the room that were dressed in denim. They were seated at the table right in front of the stage. The girl couldn't take her eyes off the younger man. Something about the mystery of him was giving her stomach butterflies. She finished her show to a big applause and shouts from all the men apart from the two at the front who just applauded quietly. She took her place back at the bar, â€Å"say, Tony, what are them two doing here?† She pointed carefully at the men near the stage, â€Å"They certainly ain't from this town, for sure.† Tony looked over and sighed, â€Å"Don't know who they think they are, flashin' their stuff like they somethin' special, folk like them got no business in places like this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tony quickly stopped talking as he saw the youngest of the men walking over. â€Å"Hey, my name is Rico Millegrew, I work for a talent agency. Me and my old man heard you were good and came to check it out, we'd like you to join our agency, try you out for acting, get you in the pictures, we seen what you can do with your singing and you're quite a looker, we think you could really go far.† The young girl looked astonished, â€Å"What you tryna say?† Her face gleamed and the excitement grew inside her when she thought of all the nice clothes and money she'd have. â€Å"Just give me your address and I'll send a letter out to you first thing†. Tony who had been listening very carefully to the conversation slipped her a piece of paper and a pen, â€Å"Lola, think what ya doing kid, it could be a scam, you hear about this kinda stuff all of the time, guys pretendin' to be somethin' they ain't to take advantage of young girl like you.† Lola stared at him, â€Å"Shut up Tony! What do you know? Just ‘cuz you're goin' nowhere with your life don't mean you can try to ruin mine. I know you want me to stay here in this hell hole wit you ‘cuz you got no chances but I ain't, you hear me? This is my chane, I'ma make it big Tony and then we'll see who was right!† The anger flared in the girl's eyes as she listened to the cruel words of her friend trying to ruin her dream. In anger and excitement she scribbled down her address and name and gave the paper to the man, â€Å"promise ya'll write, you better make sure you write to me now!† The man looked at the stressed girl and muttered before leaving the bar with the other man. The girl grabbed her coat and ran underneath the moonlight, all the way to her house. She flung open the door, â€Å"Ma'!† she cried towards the middle aged morose looking woman sat next to the fire rocking a cradle. The woman stared at her like she was mad as she told her the story of the men at the bar and how she was going to make something of herself. â€Å"You're crazy!† she shouted at the young girl, â€Å"You ain't going nowhere, you're too young, you don't think we all have dreams? Well I had a dream once, look where I ended up! A single mother with six kids, and you screaming nonsense at me! Some life this is ain't it!† The woman panted to catch her breath, â€Å"Stop bein' so ridiculous, life ain't a dream, life ain't easy, you ain't takin' any easy route missy, you just gonna end up like me and all the other women in this god forsaken town, a worthless nobody, only good for poppin' out babies an' your husband runnin' off with some cheap lousy tart† The young girl was reduced to tears, she ran upstairs where she refused to come ou t of for days. Lola spent three, slow months waiting for the letter. She'd been panicking that it wasn't coming, worrying she had given the wrong information, blaming Tony for making her blow her top in front of them. After another three months, June was approaching. Eventually, 6 months of waiting and blaming everyone for it not coming had made Lola realise there would never be a letter. The hot sun gleamed through the bar window. Tony stood in his usual spot behind the bar cleaning glasses, he noticed the tired dead eyes and flat dirty brown hair of the girl that had just walked in wearing a dirt stained sun dress. After 6 months, Tony hardly recognised the girl that was staring at him and he immediately knew what had happened, she never got the letter. He didn't say anything, just got her a drink. â€Å"On the house.† He said to Lola. She was bewildered at his generosity after how she had treated him, â€Å"thank you,† she said solemnly and gave him a weak smile. She took her drink and set at the bar till the sun set, drinking till she was half-dead. â€Å"You've had enough Lola,† Tony said looking at the limp body sprawled across the bar, â€Å"you need to be getting off home.† He looked around the room for help and saw a small man with coarse wire hair standing near the bar, â€Å"you couldn't give me a hand now could you?† He asked the stranger. The stranger looked at the girl and said â€Å"Sure. My name's Curley by the way. This girl looks dead!† He put his arm around the girl and Tony did the same, â€Å"NO!† she shouted, â€Å"No, I'm not going back there! Not a chance in hell am I goin' to go back!† The men looked at each other dumb strucken, â€Å"Say, my old man owns a ranch not too far away, why don't she come stay up there for a few nights until she gets herself sorted?† Tony didn't know what to say, â€Å"I suppose she'd be alright, I've heard good things about the boss up at the ranch in Soledad.† The girl muttered a drunken plea, â€Å"Anythin' but that place †, she said. The men took the girl outside and placed her on a strong horse. Curley then climbed up and set behind her. â€Å"Make sure she's alrigh'!† said Tony to Curley. Curley looked at Tony and smiled, â€Å"Oh don't you worry, she'll be fine, I can sure pack a punch to anyone that tries to hurt her† he grinned. Tony was reassured and waved him off.

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Men's employment status is still their main source of self-worth (Bronzed and Herrmann 1999; Broodier 2001; Connell 2002; Hear 2004), and thus advertising, which aims to convince men that they should take consumption more seriously needs to place commodities in the context of public achievement – particularly if these also involve purchases for the sterilization of men's own bodies, their personal appearance and the personal realm in general.Yet, even the growing impact of male lifestyle magazines – mainly addressing younger men – has not been totally successful in persuading mainstream adult men that they should consume in a more conspicuous way: on the one hand more like women, yet still distinctively as ‘real' men. Therefore, advertising uses all tricks of the trade to masculine its products through its promotional appeals, to invoice the male target group that it Is no longer enough Just to be a man and act like a man: the message is that men must demon strate and legitimate dominant status by masculine ways of consumption (Williamson 1986; Nixon 2003, Gristle 1998).In her study of popular media from a feminist perspective, van Zone maintains that as a cultural form, ‘advertising displays a preoccupation with gender that Is hardly matched In any genre' (1994: 67). Referring to Saffron's seminal work of 1979 on gender and advertisements, van Zone underlines the obsession with gender which is typical for advertising as a form of popular culture: ‘This obsession Is said to spring from the â€Å"signifying power† of gender.Advertisements and commercials need to convey meaning within limited space and time and will therefore exploit symbols that are relevant and salient to society as a whole. As one of the most deeply felt elements of subjectivity and the social structure, gender provides such symbols most effectively (1994: 67). The typical conventions In advertisements addressing either men or women reflect he struc tural gendered differences based on the private/public dichotomy.Stereotypically, female audiences are addressed with fantasies of Woman as body, as object or provider of physical pleasure for others, whether In sexualities or non- sexualities ways. The personal, Intimate context and the care for self or other are always emphasized, either 220 Martha convince the male target group that it is no longer enough Just to be a man and act status by masculine ways of consumption (Williamson 1986; Nixon 2003, Sureties hat as a cultural form, ‘advertising displays a preoccupation with gender that is hardly matched in any genre' (1994: 67).Referring to Saffron's seminal work of 1979 which is typical for advertising as a form of popular culture: ‘This obsession is said to The typical conventions in advertisements addressing either men or women reflect the structural gendered differences based on the private/public dichotomy. Object or provider of physical pleasure for others, wheth er in sexualities or non- sexualities ways. The personal, intimate context and the care for self or other are

Analysis of an allocated management practitioner article using Essay - 1

Analysis of an allocated management practitioner article using relevant organisational behaviour theory - Essay Example The organizational behaviour of an organization can also be defined as the values which contribute to the creation of an acceptable psychological and social environment within which to work (Chen & Yang, 2012). These values are based on the previous and existing knowledge of the organization that form the philosophies that hold the organization together. However, there may be different conflicting behaviour within an organization, especially the large ones, due to the different characteristics displayed by the various management teams that work in the organization. Organizational behaviour may have both positive and negative effects on the individuals involved and these among others will be discussed in this paper. While the management of an organization plays a major part in the formulation of an organizational behaviour, the employees of such a body also have a role to play in its formulation. According to the article, â€Å"How to improve staff communication† by Rebecca Clake, the organizational behaviour involves the social expectations and standards that determine the values and beliefs, which hold the people working within an organization together. Furthermore, the signs and symbols that an organization is recognized by heavily influence this behaviour and this determines the way the people who work within this organization behave, thus they are the embodiment of the organization’s behaviour. A shared language is very important in the development of an organization’s behaviour because language is the glue that holds the organization together and without a common means of communication within the organization, then the organization would collapse (Khalid, Jusoff, Othman, Ismail & Rahman, 2010). Organizational behaviour is the single most important thing that determines whether and organization will be successful or not. When one considers the article, one will find that there are four major elements of behaviour, which determine the success of an

Types of the Project Management Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Types of the Project Management Policy - Essay Example This paper illustrates that project management is one of the crucial strategic attributes for the organizations. It encompasses the systematic process of accomplishing any project. Mainly, the project managers are implementing information, expertise and sustainable techniques in the project phases. Execution of various projects is more effective and efficient with the help of prior project management policies. Competency of the organization increases gradually with the help of goal orientated project process. In the current study, the researcher has made an in-depth analysis of various project management policies. A major role of the project manager is to monitor and control different project related process. They collect information from the employees and other project members. Then they measure the performance of the employees and disseminate various information regarding the gaps in performance, with respect to benchmark criteria. This information will aid managers in making more feasible assessment process. These factors will help management to outline tendency of projects. Forecasting policy of project manager will carry out remedial actions for the project operations. In addition, risk management will be helping organizations in making the growth. Project managers will suggest some remedial actions for developing project operational policies. In addition, anticipatory actions for possible risk facing during the project will be adopted by the project managers. Project management process will also outline different policies like the prediction of project outcome, detection of faults or defects and change management. Project managers must be able to control the changes that are incorporated along with the project operational policies. Managers control the changes in any project so that they are able to merge remedial measures. In this context, managers are making the approval for any sort of operational changes in the project. They can also reject certain ch anges that would create more risks in the project.

PETCOs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

PETCOs - Essay Example This discussion highlights that the strategic move of re-privatizing will help the company in certain aspects, but it will also have bad consequences. One of the benefits of going private is that company does not have to comply with SEC regulations including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which costs millions of dollars a year to comply with. Becoming private increases the power of the ownership team. Some of the cons of not being public are the inability to raise capital in a liquid marketplace such as the NYSE or NASDAQ. I thought that the company acted unethically and did not comply with the FDA mandate when they re-privatize because by not being public they were not obligated to comply with the demands of the FDA. Private companies are not able to build as much goodwill as publicly traded companies. The author believes that PETCO’s reputation covers its entire supply chain. When a breeder they do business with mistreats animals it reflects badly on the image of the company. The firm has to drop the supplier of help them fix the problem to comply with state regulations. The scandal associated with unsanitary conditions at a PETCO warehouse reflected on the company. The company also did not react quickly enough the fix the problems as the firm’s stakeholders expected. The company in the future has to react faster to issues that can hurt its corporate.

Law of tort (problem question) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law of tort (problem question) - Essay Example Kevin Browning was drunk or drinking while driving and he should take all the liabilities that followed the accident. Following the police investigation, Kelvin knocked Laura Coombs on the pavement as opposed to on the road. However, he claims that he will not take full responsibilities of the ill health of Robert, whose health deteriorated because of witnessing accident since Robert did not actually see the accident happen. Moreover, according to Norris J. Roberts will not be compensated since he did not have any relationship with Laura. Additionally, Kelvin is appealing the cause not to take any liability of Laura’s mother’s ill health following the death of her daughter facilitated by kelvin’s reckless driving. According to Kelvin, Clare was not at the scene of accident; thus, she is not a witness to the accident. Moreover, she did not see the major body parts of Laura, so she cannot give accounts of what the accident did to her daughter. It is also worth stat ing that there is not point she appeared shocked on learning that her daughter got involved in an accident and subsequent death. Clare suffered health problems following the death of her daughter and demands that Kelvin should take of her psychiatric medical bills among other attached responsibilities a crewed by the same. Law: The laws to be regarded in this case are those that are related to the road accident and to what extent should be the accused (Kelvin) should be responsible to the persons affected following the accident. Application: In this case, Kelvin is noted to have problems or have refused to take care of duty owing to the psychiatric harm he caused to both Jack and Clare. Additionally, Norris J. also, for the first time, dismissed Jack’s claims that the accident and subsequent death of Laura had led to his health problem. According to Norris, Jack is not in any way a primary victim of circumstances. Moreover, he lacked all grounds that Jack could be treated as a secondary victim. Law: However, according to the Road Traffic Accident, any witness who suffers any recognizable psychiatric disorder including post stress disorder due to the accident can file claims for damages for persons that have caused the accident. Application: In this case, it is a fact that Jack has suffered psychiatric disorder following the death of Laura from the accident caused by Kelvin1. Therefore, it would be prudent if Kelvin pay all the damages caused on Jack following the accident and death of the Laura. If such is considered, the Jack will be treated a road traffic accident witness. Notably, had it not for the death, it can never be ascertained beyond any reasonable doubt that Jack could have suffered such health problems. When Jack went out and saw what happened to Laura, he might have suffered from nervous shock. Jack’s case can be related to the Hambrook v Stoke2 and or Bros Dulieu v White3 cases where in both cases, the victims were awarded the damag es caused to them by accidents they witnessed. Just like it may be in any other case that nature of Jack’s injury was reasonably foreseeable and was never in any case caused by his own negligence. He had to have been in the scene of accident by the virtue that Laura was her partner, she came to his place, and by his own doorsteps, the accident happened. Therefore, he had to be there and follow her to the hospital4. Therefore, if Norris never wants to compel Kelvin to pay all health damages he has went through