Enron Scandal Essay

Bookkeeping embarrassments are political or business outrages which emerge with the revelation of money related offenses by confided in officials of partnerships or governments. Nowadays, not very frequently, these outrages are sprinkled as features across media. Why? Since there are intricate gatherings of partners who may be truly influenced by the outrages. Enron trick was the most striking embarrassment in 20 centuries by their standardized, precise, and inventively arranged bookkeeping extortion. The outrage likewise brought into question the bookkeeping practices and exercises of numerous organizations in the United States. The embarrassment likewise influenced the more prominent business world by causing the disintegration of the Arthur Andersen bookkeeping organization. This report will uncover the entire story of Enron trick and evaluators job from the circumstance in more profundity. It will likewise incorporate the present circumstance of those liable for the misrepresentation. 2. Foundation of U. S in 1990s The 1990s of U. S were a period of success and this thriving period is begun from development in IT corporates and as per increment in efficiency as innovation creates with IT. In the mid-to late-90s, society’s desires for what the Internet could offer were ridiculous. Numerous speculators absurdly disregarded the central standards of putting resources into the securities exchange and rather, financial specialists and business people got distracted with new thoughts that were not yet demonstrated to have showcase potential. Moreover, they disregarded the outright signs that the air pocket was going to blast. (IT Bubble in 90s) There are two fundamental purposes behind the air pocket; with speculators' idealistic desire, there were a ton of ‘Window dressing’ in bookkeeping. As Enron fallen, the development of the tech segment end up being deceptive, and bubble began to calm. 3. Enron-who right? Enron Corporation is a vitality exchanging, correspondences organization which was framed in 1985 situated in Houston, Texas. Enron promoted power and petroleum gas, conveyed vitality and other physical products. Organization fanned into numerous non-vitality related fields too, including such regions as fast Internet transmission capacity, and budgetary and hazard the executives with 21,000 representatives at mid-2001. The organization announced incomes of $101 billion out of 2000. It has stakes in about 30,000 miles of gas pipeline, possesses or approaches a 15,000mile fiber optic system and has a stake in power creating activities around the globe. 4. Enron-what they did? The Enron extortion case is very unpredictable. There are a few primary characters who are initiating the Enron trick. One of them was Jeff Skillng. Jeff Skillng, who was an advisor in Mckinsey, assumed responsibility in counseling Enron. He discovered issues and furthermore probability of Enron and he proposed the possibility of â€Å"gas bank† to Enron, which is a framework that is joining budgetary framework and gas flexibly and request framework, and taking the edge from the two system(as bank does). This was a perfect thought in principle and Enron approached him to assume responsibility for this business, and later he turned into the leader of Enron’s exchanging tasks. Additionally, he persuaded government controllers to allow Enron to utilize a bookkeeping technique known as â€Å"mark to showcase. † Using this technique permitted Enron to tally anticipated profit from long haul vitality contracts as present pay. This was cash that probably won't be gathered for a long time. It is believed that this procedure was utilized to blow up income numbers by controlling projections for future income. The issue is that it doesn't coordinate acknowledged benefit and genuine income. particularly, Enron's principle exchanging was long haul future agreement which is difficult to make valuation for what's to come. Utilization of these methods made it hard to perceive how Enron was truly bringing in cash. The numbers were on the books so the stock costs stayed high, however Enron wasn’t making good on high assessments. At the point when the telecom business endured its first downturn, Enron endured too. In the long run, the place of cards started falling. When Enron’s stock started to decrease, the Raptors started to decay also. On August 14, 2001, Enron’s CEO, Jeff Skilling, surrendered due to â€Å"family issues. † Enron director Ken Lay stepped in as CEO. 5. One case of misrepresentation Enron's â€Å"too much Off-Balance Sheet Transactions† Enron utilized â€Å"off-balance-sheet†technique for whenever, for some reasons, since it would empower Enron to introduce itself all the more alluringly as estimated by the proportions supported by examiners and financial specialists. Skillng utilized securitisation to gracefully greater liquidity and furthermore to tidy up the benefits that is scarcely creating pay from it. He likewise hided the greater part of the obligation by securitisation. In this way, Enron required Special reason entities(SPE) for the securitization reason. JEDI was one of the SPE. California PERS and Enron contributed by $25000m each. When the JEDI built up, Enron began to sell vitality related stock to JEDI and it developed JEDI by 23% every year by and large. It made Skillng's ECT business greater and greater. 6. Ramifications for the partners The key partners influenced by the breakdown of Enron were its representatives and retirees. Partners and common finances financial specialists lost $ 70billion market esteem. Banks were likewise influenced by the emergency of the organization. Not just the partner and bondholder miss out, the trust in the organization likewise fell. This was the significant difficulty for the organization. The activities of Enron the executives left a profound alarm for its 4000 workers which missed out their employments and furthermore affected others around them. Some accused Arthur Andersen; Enron’s bookkeeping firm and some accuse the directorate for lacking oversights. The harm was huge to such an extent that it was probably going to take a very long time for the court to sort the destruction. The organization didn't think about its future and made numerous terrible strides just to win cash. The CEO ought to have investigated the organization quite a while back and made a move with the goal that several occupations could have been spared. The organizations who were related with the huge firm were influenced on an exceptionally huge scope. This was the greatest chapter 11 of a firm with $63. 4 billion in resources. 7. Inspectors in this embarrassment, and their job The outer reviewing assemblage of Enron organization was Arthur Anderson LLP, once one of the ‘big 5’ bookkeeping firms, giving examining, charge, and counseling administrations to enormous companies. Andersen certainly Knew Enron Was in a difficult situation yet they ignored at it and even schemed with Enron to control the budget reports. They knew Enron was in a difficult situation as right on time as Feb.â 2001, an organization update appeared, and Andersen discussed dropping the fallen vitality firm all together, Reuters revealed. Moreover, Andersen knew in mid-August of a senior Enron employee’s worries about shamefulnesses in the vitality company’s bookkeeping rehearses. Andersen affirmed that a notice dated Feb. 6 related a gathering between Andersen officials about whether Andersen ought to hold the now-bankrupt Enron as a customer. Reviewers are capable legitimately under the law particularly the global norms to report straightforwardly to the investors on the status of the company’s or a bank’s account at a specific point in time. They intensely misconducted as inspectors as they got cash and hided about Enron's reality. 8. Implications It isn't anything but difficult to actualize thorough principles without evolving Incentives. This circumstance can be found in South East Asian nations like: Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, China. Every nation can actualize its own bookkeeping principles, however didn't execute the significant institutional changes required to make these measures successful. As indicated by different examinations led here, new guidelines didn't bring about better-quality money related reporting.9. End: looking for better gauges and morals The ENRON Scandal is viewed as one of the most infamous inside American history; an informal diagram for a contextual analysis on White Collar wrongdoing. Enron’s conduct has affirmed that the treatment of wobbly sheet evade, American bookkeeping norms are excessively remiss. It is the ideal opportunity for another push to realign the framework to work more in shareholders’ interests. Organizations need more grounded non-official chiefs, sufficiently paid to commit appropriate regard for the activity.

The Twilight Saga 3 Eclipse Chapter 21. TRAILS Free Essays

string(36) her lips trembling at the corners. I HATED TO WASTE ANY PART OF THE NIGHT IN SLEEP, however that was inescapable. The sun was brilliant outside the window-divider when I woke, with little mists abandoning too rapidly over the sky. The breeze shook the treetops till the entire woods looked as though it was going to shake separated. We will compose a custom paper test on The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 21. TRAILS or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now He disregarded me to get dressed, and I valued the opportunity to think. By one way or another, my arrangement for the previous evening had gone horrendously amiss, and I required understand the outcomes. In spite of the fact that I’d given back the leftover ring when I could do it without offending him, my left hand felt heavier, similar to it was still set up, simply imperceptible. This shouldn’t trouble me, I contemplated. It was no large thing †an excursion to Vegas. I would go one better than old pants †I would wear old sweats. The service positively couldn’t take extremely long; close to fifteen minutes and no more, isn't that so? So I could deal with that. And afterward, when it was finished, he’d need to satisfy his side of the deal. I would focus on that, and overlook the rest. He said I didn’t need to tell anybody, and I was wanting to hold him to that. Obviously, it was exceptionally inept of me not to consider Alice. The Cullens returned home around early afternoon. There was another, systematic feel to the climate around them, and it pulled me over into the monstrosity of what was coming. Alice appeared to be in a surprisingly terrible state of mind. I credited it to her disappointment with feeling ordinary, since her first words to Edward were a protest about working with the wolves. â€Å"I think† †she scowled as she utilized the unsure word †â€Å"that you’re going to need to pack for chilly climate, Edward. I can’t see where you are actually, on the grounds that you’re taking off with that hound this evening. In any case, the tempest that’s coming appears to be especially terrible in that general area.† Edward gestured. â€Å"It’s going to snow on the mountains,† she cautioned him. â€Å"Ew, snow,† I murmured to myself. It was June, for the love of all that is pure and holy. â€Å"Wear a jacket,† Alice let me know. Her voice was unpleasant, and that astonished me. I attempted to peruse her face, however she dismissed. I took a gander at Edward, and he was grinning; whatever was irritating Alice entertained him. Edward had all that could possibly be needed outdoors rigging to browse †props in the human act; the Cullens were acceptable clients at the Newton’s store. He snatched a down camping bed, a little tent, and a few bundles of got dried out food †smiling when I scowled at them †and stuffed them all in a knapsack. Alice meandered into the carport while we were there, viewing Edward’s arrangements without a word. He disregarded her. At the point when he was finished pressing, Edward gave me his telephone. â€Å"Why don’t you call Jacob and let him know we’ll be prepared for him in an hour or somewhere in the vicinity. He realizes where to meet us.† Jacob wasn’t home, however Billy vowed to call around until he could locate an accessible werewolf to pass the news to. â€Å"Don’t you stress over Charlie, Bella,† Billy said. â€Å"I’ve got my piece of this under control.† â€Å"Yeah, I know Charlie’ll be fine.† I didn’t feel so certain about his son’s wellbeing, yet I didn’t include that. â€Å"I wish I could be with the remainder of them tomorrow.† Billy laughed remorsefully. â€Å"Being an elderly person is a hardship, Bella.† The inclination to battle must be a characterizing normal for the Y chromosome. They were no different. â€Å"Have fun with Charlie.† â€Å"Good karma, Bella,† he replied. â€Å"And . . . pass that along to the, er, Cullens for me.† â€Å"I will,† I guaranteed, amazed by the motion. As I gave the telephone back to Edward, I saw that he and Alice were having a quiet conversation. She was gazing at him, arguing in her eyes. He was scowling back, discontent with anything she desired. â€Å"Billy said to let you know ‘good luck.'† â€Å"That was liberal of him,† Edward stated, splitting ceaselessly from her. â€Å"Bella, might I be able to please address you alone?† Alice asked quickly. â€Å"You’re going to make my life harder than it should be, Alice,† Edward cautioned her through his teeth. â€Å"I’d actually rather you didn’t.† â€Å"This isn’t about you, Edward,† she shot back. He snickered. Something about her reaction was clever to him. â€Å"It’s not,† Alice demanded. â€Å"This is a female thing.† He glared. â€Å"Let her discussion to me,† I let him know. I was interested. â€Å"You requested it,† he murmured. He chuckled again †half irate, half diverted †and walked out of the carport. I went to Alice, stressed now, however she didn’t take a gander at me. Her awful state of mind hadn’t passed at this point. She went to sit on the hood of her Porsche, her face despondent. I followed, and inclined toward the guard adjacent to her. â€Å"Bella?† Alice asked in a tragic voice, moving over and twisting toward my side. Her voice sounded so hopeless that I folded my arms over her shoulders in comfort. â€Å"What’s wrong, Alice?† â€Å"Don’t you love me?† she asked in that equivalent pitiful tone. â€Å"Of course I do. You know that.† â€Å"Then for what reason do I see you sneaking off to Vegas to get hitched without welcoming me?† â€Å"Oh,† I murmured, my cheeks turning pink. I could see that I had truly offended her, and I rushed to shield myself. â€Å"You know how I prefer not to overemphasize things. It was Edward’s thought, anyway.† â€Å"I don’t care whose thought it was. How might you do this to me? I anticipate that sort of thing from Edward, however not from you. I love you like you were my own sister.† â€Å"To me, Alice, you are my sister.† â€Å"Words!† she snarled. â€Å"Fine, you can come. There won’t be a lot to see.† She was all the while scowling. â€Å"What?† I requested. â€Å"How much do you love me, Bella?† â€Å"Why?† She gazed at me with arguing eyes, her long dark eyebrows inclining up in the center and arranging, her lips trembling at the corners. You read The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 21. TRAILS in class Exposition models It was a sad articulation. â€Å"Please, if it's not too much trouble please,† she murmured. â€Å"Please, Bella, if it's not too much trouble †in the event that you truly love me . . . If you don't mind let me do your wedding.† â€Å"Aw, Alice!† I moaned, pulling ceaselessly and holding up. â€Å"No! Don’t do this to me.† â€Å"If you truly, genuinely love me, Bella.† I collapsed my arms over my chest. â€Å"That is so unreasonable. Furthermore, Edward sort of effectively utilized that one on me.† â€Å"I’ll wager Edward might want it better on the off chance that you did this customarily, however he’d never disclose to you that. Furthermore, Esme †figure what it would intend to her!† I moaned. â€Å"I’d rather face the babies alone.† â€Å"I’ll owe you for a decade.† â€Å"You’d owe me for a century!† Her eyes gleamed. â€Å"Is that a yes?† â€Å"No! I don’t need to do this!† â€Å"You won’t need to do anything besides walk a couple of yards and afterward rehash after the minister.† â€Å"Ugh! Ugh, ugh!† â€Å"Please?† She began ricocheting set up. â€Å"Please, if it's not too much trouble if you don't mind it would be ideal if you please?† â€Å"I’ll never, never at any point excuse you for this, Alice.† â€Å"Yay!† she screeched, applauding together. â€Å"That’s not a yes!† â€Å"But it will be,† she sang. â€Å"Edward!† I shouted, following out of the carport. â€Å"I know you’re tuning in. Get over here.† Alice was directly behind me, despite everything applauding. â€Å"Thanks so much, Alice,† Edward said acidly, digging out from a deficit me. I went to let him have it, however his demeanor was so stressed and disturbed that I couldn’t talk my grievances. I tossed my arms around him rather, concealing my face, just on the off chance that the furious dampness in my eyes made it appear as though I was crying. â€Å"Vegas,† Edward guaranteed in my ear. â€Å"Not a chance,† Alice boasted. â€Å"Bella could never do that to me. You know, Edward, as a sibling, you are at times a disappointment.† â€Å"Don’t be mean,† I protested at her. â€Å"He’s attempting to satisfy me, not at all like you.† â€Å"I’m attempting to satisfy you, as well, Bella. It’s simply that I realize better what will satisfy you . . . over the long haul. You’ll express gratitude toward me for this. Perhaps not for a long time, yet certainly someday.† â€Å"I never thought I’d see the day where I’d be eager to take a wager against you, Alice, yet it has arrived.† She snickered her gleaming chuckle. â€Å"So, are you going to show me the ring?† I frowned with dismay as she got my left hand and afterward dropped it similarly as fast. â€Å"Huh. I saw him put it on you. . . . Did I miss something?† she inquired. She focused for a large portion of a second, frowning, before she responded to her own inquiries. â€Å"No. Wedding’s still on.† â€Å"Bella has issues with jewelry,† Edward clarified. â€Å"What’s one more precious stone? Indeed, I surmise the ring has heaps of precious stones, yet my point is that he’s as of now got one on - â€Å" â€Å"Enough, Alice!† Edward cut her off abruptly. The manner in which he frowned at her . . . he resembled a vampire once more. â€Å"We’re in a hurry.† â€Å"I don’t unders

Roller Coaster Phobia

Roller Coaster Phobia Phobias Types Print Why a Fear of Roller Coasters Is a Complicated Combination Phobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 24, 2020  Minoru Kuriyama / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment For many people, an essential part of any theme park vacation is the roller coasters; others suffer roller coaster phobia. If you suffer from roller coaster phobia, you may wonder how to get through your next theme park vacation. What Is Roller Coaster Phobia? To understand roller coaster phobia, it is necessary to first understand roller coasters. The original precursor to the roller coaster was the Russian Ice Slide, invented during the 17th century in Russia. Riders climbed a set of wooden stairs, slid down a 50-degree slope on a sheet of ice several inches thick, and then climbed up another set of stairs. The slides were so popular, it is rumored that Catherine the Great had a few installed on her property. It is uncertain who built the first wheeled roller coaster, although historians tend to lean toward the French. It is known that by 1817, two simple wooden coasters, with wheels that locked to the tracks, had been installed in French parks. Today, roller coasters may be created from either wood or steel. They use a combination of elements that may include chain lift hills, powered launches, steep inclines, and banked curves, as well as several types of loops including corkscrews, and even special effects, to invoke certain physical and emotional feelings. Roller coasters are intentionally designed to be scary, appealing to the same part of the brain that enjoys haunted houses and other Halloween events. We seem to be hardwired to enjoy activities that cause fear, provided that we know that we are actually safe. This phenomenon is demonstrated repeatedly in extreme sports, horror movies, and the multibillion-dollar Halloween industry. Understanding Phobias If our brains are hardwired to enjoy controlled fear, then why do so many people seem to suffer from roller coaster phobia? To answer that question, it is important to understand the basic psychology of fear as it relates to phobias. One aspect of anxiety disorders is the fear of fear. While most people are afraid only when confronted by a fear-inducing situation, those with anxiety disorders tend to worry that they will become afraid. They see fear as something negative, which must be avoided at all costs. A phobia occurs when the normal fear response becomes twisted. Objects or situations that are not inherently dangerous become the focus of fear. Although phobia sufferers know that their reactions are irrational, they are unable to control them. The Components of Roller Coaster Phobia Roller coaster phobia appears to actually be based on several other phobias, any of which can be enough to trigger a fear of coasters. Acrophobia: The fear of heights is a generalized phobia that may cover any experience of being up high. Severity varies dramatically between sufferers, ranging from fear only above a certain height to the inability to even climb a stepladder. Acrophobia is sometimes confused with vertigo, a medical condition that can cause dizziness or a spinning sensation (at any height). Roller coasters tend to be tall, with long drops, making them challenging for those with a fear of heights.Illygnophobia: The fear of vertigo may be related to the fear of heights. However, those with illygnophobia are not afraid to be up high. Instead, they are afraid that looking down might cause dizziness and vertigo. Although the difference is subtle, it is important. Those with illygnophobia may be afraid even on coasters that do not go very high, as they worry that the banked curves and other features may lead to dizziness.Claustrophobia: By design, roller coaster seats are small and tight, and the restraints fit extremely snugly. This is necessary for safety  but can trigger claustrophobia. Those who are uncomfortable with enclosed spaces often find that the worst part of a coaster is being locked down with no escape.Social phobia: Some people do not fear the roller coaster itself, but instead worry that they will have an embarrassing reaction to the coaster. Roller coaster trains tend to be long and hold a number of people. Those with social phobia may worry that they will be judged for screaming, cringing, or otherwise reacting to the coaster’s movements. Particularly in teenagers, this fear may be enhanced if the fearful person’s friends will also ride.Mysophobia: On a roller coaster, it is impossible to maintain much distance between yourself and those around you. Those with mysophobia, or fear of germs, may worry about coming into contact with strangers. In addition, there is always the possibility that someone on the coaster will vomit or urinate, possibly exposing the phobic person to those bodily fluids.Emetophobia: The fear of vomiting is surprisingly common. Those who suffer from this fear may go to great lengths to avoid situations that they feel could cause an upset stomach. As roller coasters are designed to be unsettling, the physical sensations could cause someone with emetophobia to skip the ride. A fear of roller coasters is not necessarily a phobia at all. Instead, it may be a very real concern based on the individual’s medical history. Virtually all roller coasters, even those designed for children, carry standard health restrictions. The exact restrictions depend on the coaster’s forces, but common considerations include (though are not limited to): heart conditions, back or neck disorders, motion sickness, high blood pressure, and perhaps recent surgery or casts. If you fall into any of the restricted categories, then it is best to err on the side of caution and skip the ride, at least until you have the opportunity to talk to your doctor about your safety and health. Conquering Roller Coaster Phobia If you have determined that your roller coaster phobia is not based on a legitimate medical concern, then you may be interested in taking steps to minimize or overcome your fear. Fortunately, there are measures you can take to conquer your phobia and even learn to love roller coasters. Take a Class Some theme parks sponsor Coasterphobia classes on an irregular schedule. Others are sponsored by local groups such as coaster enthusiast associations. These classes tend to follow the basic tenets of other  group seminars, and often build towards actually riding a specific roller coaster. Do your homework before paying for a class, though, to be sure that you are comfortable with the format, leadership, and expectations. Take Baby Steps Systematic desensitization  is an extremely popular therapeutic technique. If you feel comfortable on a smaller roller coaster, such as a kiddie coaster, you may be able to apply this technique yourself. Begin with a coaster that you are completely comfortable  with so that you will have success. Ride that one a few times before stepping up to a slightly scarier version. If your phobia is not severe, you may be able to slowly convince yourself to ride even the biggest and scariest coasters. Take your time and never force yourself to do anything. Bring a Friend A well-chosen  support person  can help you slowly work through your fears. He or she can preview each coaster before you ride, letting you know exactly what to expect. Your support person can also provide a hand to hold and a shoulder to lean on. However, it is important to choose your support person carefully. A support person should never try to force or guilt-trip you into  riding  or become upset by your decisions. At the same time, he or she should not be overprotective or try to talk you out of riding whatever you choose. Seek Professional Help If your  roller coaster phobia  is severe, it is always best to consult with a  mental health professional.  Therapeutic techniques, combined with  medications  if required, can help you tame your fears and learn to enjoy roller coasters. This is especially recommended if your roller coaster phobia is based on another fear, such as claustrophobia or fear of heights.

Social Penetration Theory ( Altman And Taylor s Theory

Social Penetration Theory Hermeet Kalsi, Ancheta Aaron, Millie, Stephanie, Lucà ­a Skinner Mission College Social Penetration Theory (Altman and Taylor’s, 1973) The Social Penetration Theory interpersonal communication was proposed by the psychologists and theorists, Altman and Taylor in 1973, with the idea of offering an explanation for the closeness or intimacy that can develop between two people. â€Å"The social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, no intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones.†(Altman and Taylor in 1973.) They also proposed that this process towards closeness, is regulated by self-disclosure that moves slowly and orderly, from superficial to intimate. Self-disclosure is voluntary communication of information about one s self to another and vice-versa and it is based on a cost-reward model. The theory is also known as the â€Å"Onion Theory† since Altman and Taylor explained self-disclosure by comparing it to the layers of an onion that has â€Å"breadth† and â€Å"depth. Breadth includes the different superficial areas of a personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life like family, work, neighborhood, hobbies, community, etc. â€Å"Depth† is â€Å"the degree of disclosure in a specific area of an individual’s life†, going from the outside to the inside, from superficial relationship to an intimate relationship. According to Altmar and Taylor, people’s characters are like onions with many layers, meaning that in interpersonalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Altman And Dalmas Taylor s Social Penetration Theory1275 Words   |  6 Pageslives. This cycle of developing, cultivating, and sustaining or ending these relationships continues everyday for our entire lives, and as a result many different theories have been developed to describe just how a complete stranger can become a lifelong friend. One in particular, Iwrin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s social penetration theory, states that â€Å"the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about th emselves.† This break down ofRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Crazy, Love1117 Words   |  5 PagesMaggie Decena Professor McNelis September 22nd, 2017 Application of Social Penetration Theory The film Crazy, Stupid, Love depicts the dissolution of Cal Weaver’s once perfect life. High school sweethearts living in a suburban town with steady jobs and kids, Cal and his wife Emily share the illusion of a picture-perfect love story. However, when Emily reveals her act of adultery, she asks Cal for a divorce. Cal falls into a deep depression that leads him to bask in his sorrows at singles barsRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory And The Theory981 Words   |  4 Pages Social Penetration Theory Yunsik Jung Western Kentucky University Abstract Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor originally created the Social Penetration Theory and the theory deals with the ways in which relationships develop and progress. It explains how communication enriches the relationship of two or more individuals. The theory states that closeness develops if communication begins at relatively shallow non-intimate levels and moves in gradual and orderly fashion to deeper more personal levelsRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Arizona Sate University1581 Words   |  7 Pages Social Penetration Theory Conner Farquharson Arizona Sate University For a young child, telling a secret to the person he or she likes is a big deal. But the secrets that are told are minor, probably about a favorite item or candy. Not knowing at the time but social penetration theory is going on. Information about oneself is communicated to friends, loved ones, and acquaintances on a daily basis, sometimes without knowing we are revealing personal information. As weRead MoreThe Social Penetration Theory Of Interpersonal Communication814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Penetration Theory interpersonal communication was proposed by the psychologists and theorists, Altman and Taylor in 1973, with the idea of offering an explanation for the closeness or intimacy that can develop between two people. â€Å"The social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, no intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones.†(Altman and Taylor in 1973.) They also proposed that this process towards closenes s, is regulatedRead More Social Penetration Essay2900 Words   |  12 PagesSocial Penetration Decisions about self-disclosure - whether to reveal ones thoughts, feelings, or past experiences to another person, or the level of intimacy of such disclosure - are part of the everyday life of most persons (Derlega and Berg, 1987, p. ix). The decisions one makes on the issue of whether or not to self-disclose with others affects not only the types of relationships one will have with others and how they are perceived, but also how well they know themselves. Clearly,Read MoreThe Social Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman Dalmas Taylor1431 Words   |  6 PagesAs humans continuously create and interpret messages, studying the theory of communication provides a means of understanding how communication works, what it produces, and what alters the way it works (CITATION). In this paper I will discuss how the social penetration theory explains the development of closeness in relationships. The social penetration theory was developed in 1973 by Irwin Altman Dalmas Taylor. Social penetration is the developing intimacy within a relationship through reciprocatedRead MoreAnalyzing The Movie Divergent Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pages(Four) and Beatrice Prior use certain communication theories while interacting with one another during the film. Theories that will be covered and analyzed while using examples from the film include Social Penetration Theory by Altman and Taylor, and Symbolic Interactionism Theory by Mead and Cooley. Despite the different thoughts and different ways these scholars, there is similarity in the way that they all studied and developed these theories regarding life and human communication. BeatriceRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman And Dalmas1511 Words   |  7 Pages Irwin Altman and Dalmas introduces Social Penetration theory in chapter 8 and they explain the theory as â€Å"the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about themselves† (Littlejhon, 2002). This paper will showcase social media and how it relates to how individuals self-disclose in social penetration theory. A short history of social media and the direction it’s headed will also be included. Facebook, a platform has become a phenomenonRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pages1.3 Review methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process

Uncle Tom s Cabin, By Harriet Beecher Stowe - 1381 Words

One hundred years after Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852, the poet Langston Hughes called the novel, â€Å"the most cussed and discussed book of its time.† Hughes’s observation is particularly apt in that it avoids any mention of the novel’s literary merit. George Orwell famously called it â€Å"the best bad book of the age.† Uncle Tom’s Cabin is arguably no Pride and Prejudice or Scarlet Letter. Leo Tolstoy is one of the few critics who praise it unabashedly, calling Uncle Tom’s Cabin a model of the â€Å"highest type† of art because it flowed from love of God and man. So why has it been called â€Å"a verbal earthquake, an ink-and-paper tidal wave†? How and why has it been so influential? Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life among the Lowly is at heart a typical nineteenth-century melodrama of cruelty, suffering, religious devotion, broken homes, and improbable reunions. The plot in brief: the slave Uncle Tom is sold away from his cabin and family on the Shelby plantation in Kentucky; he serves the St. Clare family in Louisiana, from which he is sold after the death of Eva and her father; he lands at the Legree plantation on the Red River where he is whipped to death rather than betray two runaway slaves. Meanwhile some slaves escape (Eliza on ice floes across the Ohio River) and find long-lost relatives; others kill themselves and their children. The white characters discuss politics and religion. Everybody weeps. Uncle Tom’s Cabin has been cussed and discussed since May 8,Show MoreRelatedUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe901 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a story that described the real life plight of an American Slave. Kentucky farmer George Shelby amassed enormous debts and faces the possibility of losing everything he owns. To settle his debts he makes the decision to sell two of his slaves, Uncle Tom and Eliza’s son Harry. Eliza is a young, beautiful quadroon girl who George Shelby’s wife took on as a daughter. Eliza overhears a conversation between George Shelby and his wife concerning the impendingRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe uses the character of Augustine St. Clare to play a very important role in expressing her views of abolition to the reader throughout the novel. St. Clare is, in himself, a huge co ntradiction of a character, as his way of life is supported by the same system that he despises, slavery. St. Clare professes multiple times in the book that slavery is wrong, yet he holds slaves and refuses to release them, making him a hypocrite whose morals are right, mainlyRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1295 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin, one of the best classic novels by Harriet Beecher Stowe takes place in Kentucky on Mr. Shelby’s land. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the author communicates to the reader the horrific actions and aftermaths of slavery. She does this by telling the story of slaves who were sold to unpleasant masters, showing slavery rips apart families and loved ones, and by showing how children - both free and slave - are affected by slavery. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin a main point to take away from the bookRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1008 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1800’s,a horrible sin of slavery took America by storm. Africans were brought to the United States as slaves. They were sold like animals, separated from their families, and forced to work for wealthy white men. They underwent torture, famine, and verbal abuse, the sole reason for their mistreatment being their skin color. Movements were made, protests held, but what no one was expecting was a short white lady by the name of Harriet Beecher Stowe to make the change that no one had yet achievedRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1522 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln is quoted as saying, â€Å"So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.† upon meeting Harriet Beecher Stowe for the first time. The book that the former president is referring to is Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a 1850s book about the moral wrongs of slavery. It has been said to be the most influential anti-slavery book that has ever been written. Harriet Beecher Stowe is an effective author. She uses numerous literary devices such as facile characters, character foils, and symbolismRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1357 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Tom’s cabin Uncle Tom s Cabin from the author Harriet Beecher Stowe, was first published in 1852 was a book that tackled the repulsive acts of slavery. In this paper I will discuss my overview and opinion on this book. It is clear if you have a general idea of this book you would know how to this novel ultimately inspired the civil war. As said by our 16th Abraham Lincoln when he met the author â€Å"so you’re the women who brought this Great War† Uncle Tom’s cabin has had a great influence onRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe975 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous likenesses and contrasts between the lives of the slaves from Uncle Tom s Cabin, composed by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and that of the wage slaves from Sinclair s The Jungle. Featured mutually in each books, was slavery. Along with that, both novels allocate the authors’ perspectives on the issue. In Sinclair’s book, he wrote about the lives of the wage slaves, how capitalism aff ected the wage slaves. Meanwhile, Stowe’s consisted more on a religious aspect, going in depth of howRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1019 Words   |  5 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe is â€Å"one of the most famous books in the world† she is considered to be the woman that started the civil war. This book presents Anti-slavery ideas using Religion, Maternity and the idea of Gender Roles to promote the idea of Anti-Slavery. Throughout Uncle Tom’s Cabin there are â€Å"slave problems†,how slavery destroys and crumble families by splitting apart mother and child along with husband and wive.Stowe argues that these slavery brings out the femininityRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1760 Words   |  8 PagesHarriet Beecher Stowe was born in June 14, 1811 in Lichfield, CT and was the sixth of her family’s eleven children. Beecher’s parents taught their children that their primary life goal was to make their mark. All seven sons became ministers, Isabella (the youngest) founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association, and Harriet revealed the horrifying truths and dissolved the social injustice of slavery. During her 85 years Beecher published thirty novels, but her bestselling book Uncle Tom’s CabinRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin was the most popular story in the mid to late 19th century. There are nearly thousands of copies of that novel sold. The author Harriet Beecher Stowe was an amazing author and abolitionist. The purpose of her writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin is to influence other people to abolish slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was based on Religion and the abolition of slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was epic story in the mid 1800’s because it represents the cruelty of slavery and religious beliefs. Stowe kind

History of American Education Free Essays

string(265) " of the equal protection of the laws, with all that it could be held to require in making sure that the laws themselves were genuinely equal, was written into the Constitution and transformed from a common and weak ideal into a optimistic commitment of government\." Every human infant comes into the world devoid of the faculties characteristic of fully developed human beings. The process of growing up is the process of the development of the child’s faculties. The overwhelmingly important aspect of the growing-up process is mental, the development of mental powers, or perception and reason. We will write a custom essay sample on History of American Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Margaret Szasz`s `Education and the American Indian: The Road to Self-Determination Since 1928 Margaret Szasz traced the evolution of federal American Indian educational policy during a critical span of time beginning with the Meriam Report in 1928 through the Kennedy Report of 1969 and the consequent passage of the Indian Education Act. These reports which resulted from intensive government sponsored studies of conditions in American Indian life, provided the impetus for important changes in Indian Administration and ultimately influenced a federal policy shift away from the earlier assimilationist ideology toward a culturally pluralistic perspective which fostered the possibility of self determination for American Indian nations. In American Indian education from 1928 to 1973 there are two types of studies that have become popular. These are historical monographs on regional or tribal education and general accounts of contemporary Indian schooling. The Meriam report suggested that education should be the primary function of the Indian bureau. It advised that Indian education be geared for all age levels and that it be tied in closely with the community. It encouraged construction of day schools to serve as community centers and proposed extensive reform of boarding schools, including the introduction of Indian culture and revision of the curriculum so that it would be adaptable to local conditions. In addition, the report attacked the physical conditions of the boarding schools, the enrollment of preadolescent children, and the inadequacy of the personnel. It recommended that salaries and standards be raised and that a professional educator be appointed Director of Education. (Margaret Connell, 1999)Utilizing archival materials, congressional records, and interviews, Margaret Szasz focuses on those systems of Indian education directly impacted by the federal government and federal policy. The assimilation programs of the Dawes Act era, the reform movements of the New Deal with the accompanying positive attitude toward Indian cultures, the economic impact of World War II and the disastrous termination measures of the early 1950s are analyzed for their effects on education in day schools and the on- and off-reservation boarding schools directed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). She presents the emerging power of â€Å"Self-Determination† from the supportive legislation of the Kennedy/Johnson years and the setbacks of the Reagan era to the present administration, and the resulting growth of yet another genre of education for American Indian people – tribally controlled schools and colleges. Szasz closes the most recent chapter in American Indian education policy with the story of the rise and expansion of tribally controlled colleges concluding that â€Å"their commitment to community, to students, and to future leadership among tribal peoples suggests that they serve as the hope for the future for American Indians. Szasz closes the most recent chapter in American Indian education policy with the story of the rise and expansion of tribally controlled colleges concluding that â€Å"their commitment to community, to students, and to future leadership among tribal peoples suggests that they serve as the hope for the future for American Indians. † In this work Szasz has shown herself again to be the consummate researcher, presenting a sensitive but objective, comprehensive account of federal American Indian educational policy. Education in United States was segregated upon race. For the most part, African Americans received very little to no education before the civil war. In the south where slavery was legal, many states enacted laws which made it a crime for blacks to even be able to read, much less attend school alongside white classmates. After the civil war and emancipation blacks still received little help from the states themselves. The federal government under the radical republications, set up the freedman’s bureau to help educate and protect former slaves and passed several civil rights bills, but neither survived the end of reconstruction in 1877. The idea of equality in America has owed much to its proven ability to get used to varied and often argumentative environments by meaning different things to different minds, and furnishing rival interests with equally satisfying terms of moral reference. All of which throws some doubt on the undeniable character claimed by the Republic’s founders for human rights determined forever by the laws of nature. The idea of equality been able to stamp an unmistakable and lasting imprint on social institutions. The Great Awakening, within certain very marked restrictions and with correspondingly limited consequences, was probably the first such period after colonial institutions had taken a settled shape. Accordingly it is chronologically the first to appear in the pages that follow; and because it’s religious character merges with the theme of the attitude of the state towards the individual’s moral identity, giving the subject an inherent unity which bears on all other aspects of equality, two separate chapters are dedicated to that dilemma. The American Revolution and its consequences composed another period of upheaval. For all the rhetoric and invocations of principle that accompanied the election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800, and the policies of Andrew Jackson from the early campaigns for his election through his veto of the Bank bill and other pronouncements to his retirement in 1837, the administrations of these publicly dedicated reformists did little to deflect the advancing inequalities that characterized the distribution of wealth and all that followed from it. The Jacksonian affirmation could be described in terms of the comparatively new concept of equality of opportunity, an imperfectly digested notion which actually conflicted with other egalitarian precepts, held by some of Jackson’s contemporaries to be of even more urgent importance. It was only with the tremendous upheaval wrought by the Civil War, and then after more moderate policies had failed for political reasons that the principle of the equal protection of the laws, with all that it could be held to require in making sure that the laws themselves were genuinely equal, was written into the Constitution and transformed from a common and weak ideal into a optimistic commitment of government. You read "History of American Education" in category "Papers" The language of equal protection, however, soon proved to be as flexible as the blurred idea of equal prospect. Soon after achieving the modest and, as it seemed, short-lived triumphs of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, egalitarians lost their grip on American development more completely than ever before. The idea of equality thus revealed over the two hundred years of the nation’s independent survival a tenacity which afforded a strange kind of glamour to American claims and pretensions, and a kind of explanation to the offer or threat of social justice which America had always seemed to hold out to the common people in face of the empires, monarchies, priesthoods, and social hierarchies of the Old World. This tenacity of egalitarian principles owed a great deal to the historical structure of American institutions and to the formal and constitutional beginning of the American nation; and in the same way the idea owed much of its strength to the fact that equality had entered into the language of justice in a more explicit and more public manner than in most simultaneous political systems. The movement in this course, through which equality began to define the obligations of government to the people, had its deeper origins in the nineteenth-century America, gained power to affect the character of religious, legal, and political institutions in the middle of the nineteenth century, and emerged in the higher reaches of popular thought as a successor to the idea of the Great Chain of Being. (Pole, 1979) Development of common schools 1820 – 1890 The motivation to provide a public school education for all children was twofold. First was the desire to indoctrinate them with religious teachings to assure the continued existence of a devotee and moral populace. A second motivation for providing public education was the need to educate for social, economic, democratic and national reasons. There was a common belief that the democratic representative government would fail unless the state took a real responsibility in educating the children of all people. Common schools at this point were in bad shape, they were poorly attended, and basically taught by whomever available. The direction of education at this time was influenced by the teaching methods of Prussian schools, as developed by Pestalozzi. These schools were opened through all over the state. The shift towards accountability, outcomes, and higher expectations in our schools is leading us in the right direction, although we recognize that schools face legitimate difficulties during this change process. But the response to these challenges should not be to back down on expectations for students with disabilities and those who have been perceived as unable to meet the standards. Policymakers and practitioners must remain committed to the goal of closing the achievement gap for all students. To lessen this commitment would be to return to the days and the mindset that only some students could and deserved to be taught to high standards. We now know that by setting high expectations, and helping students, teachers, administrators, and family members reach those high standards, we can close the achievement gaps for all students. The educational landscape for students with disabilities is undergoing vast changes. Thanks to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its push for increased access to education for students with disabilities, and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), with its push for improved student outcomes, educators across the U. S. are reexamining their practices to find ways to close the achievement gaps between groups of students. Students with disabilities are a focus of this attention, as schools and states labor to improve their academic outcomes. The Progressive Era 1890 – 1950 The Progressive era has long been noted as an era of national administrative expansion combined with the growth of newer progressive and egalitarian idealism. One would expect this era to be one of great expansion of the central administrative capacity in the area of education as well. Curiously, this outcome is not what we find. To explain this puzzle, we must remind ourselves of what the Federal government had already given the states to promote education rich tracts of land that came to form the endowments that states built upon during this period. By the end of the 19th century and continuing into the early 20th, the development of secondary education for the masses was well underway. Between 1890 and 1920, the US secondary school population grew from 360,000 to over 2. 5 million. Educational Equality and its future in America Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, and of the institutions which regulate schooling no less than others. Education policy, just like social policy more generally, should be guided principally by considerations of justice and only secondarily by pragmatic considerations such as what compromises must be made with existing social forces opposed to justice in order to optimize the justice of the existing institutions. The â€Å"equally good provision† for each individual child is the meaning of equality in education. Different readers will interpret â€Å"equally good provision† differently depending on their conception of what constitutes a good education. The equality consists in ensuring that social class background and racial background have no impact at all on achievement and that inequalities of achievement that have a significantly unequal impact on the life prospects of individual children are unjust. Equality led reforms might deploy choice, but they do so only in the service of equality, either because choice will directly produce greater equality or because permitting choice will allow policymakers the political freedom to implement other measures that will produce greater equality. Reference: 1. J R Pole, The pursuit of Equality in American History, University of California Press, 1979 2. Matthew Hirschland, Sven Steinmo, The federal Government and American Education, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2001 3. Margaret Connell Szasz, Education and the American Indian: The road to self-determination since 1928 How to cite History of American Education, Papers

Midsummer Nights Dream And Lunatics Essays - Shakespearean Comedies

Midsummer Nights Dream And Lunatics In A Midsummer Night's Dream, the moon is the guiding force of madness in the play which influences the chaotic nature and lunacy of the characters. The moon seems to preside over the entire play and is a symbol of change. Oberon and Titania, king and queen of the fairies, are one example of lunatic lovers that parallel the theme of changeability. Oberon and Titania are quarreling over the possession of an Indian boy that Titania has mothered since the boy was a baby. This makes Oberon very jealous. But, Oberon doesn't help matters much with his straying after nymphs and admiring Hippolyta. This quarrel becomes so intense that it begins to affect the seasons on earth. Titania describes it as: The spring, the summer, The childing autumn, angry winter, change Their wonted liveries, and the mazed world By their increase now knows not which is which, And this same progeny of evils comes From our debate, from our dissension; We are their parents and original. II:I 114-20 The constant changing of the earth's state in the seasons creates chaos among mother nature. In order to solve the quarrel, Oberon wants to teach Titania a lesson by telling Puck or Robin Goodfellow to use a magical nectar on her and the Athenian man called Demetrius: Fetch me a flower; the herb that I showed thee once The juice of it on sleeping eyelids laid Will make man or woman madly dote Upon the next live creature that it sees. II:I 172-75 In the case of the two lovers, Hermia and Lysander, they plan to meet by moonlight and elope in Athens. Egeus, Hermia's father, wishes for her to marry a man named Demetrius whom he thinks is of high stature and is fitting for his daughter as a husband. Hermia is very much in love with Lysander and chooses to directly disobey Athenian law and her father's wishes by eloping. Hermia's willingness to risk banishment from her homeland shows that love can make a person do irrational things. Helena, Hermia's friend, was once the beloved of Demetrius and if she can win back his love, then Hermia and Lysander will be free to wed. In an effort to gain the attention of Demetrius, Helena betrays the secret of her dearest friend when she informs Demetrius that Hermia and Lysander are eloping. This is another example of a "lunatic lover" in Shakespeare. Helena knows that she must keep Hermia's secret, but she cannot help but tell it to Demetrius in order to get him to notice her. Helena's love for Demetrius could cost her the friendship that she has with Hermia but when a person is so much in love sometimes he or she will risk anything. A mistake made by Puck increases the chaos and madness in the play. Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and sprinkles Lysander's eyes with the potion instead. Lysander awakens and the first person he sees is Helena. Under the influence of the potion, he immediately falls in love with her. A catastrophe is created when Hermia awakens from her slumber and finds that Lysander has only eyes for Helena. A fight emerges among the two best friends when Helena says: O spite! O hell! I see you are all bent To set against me for your merriment. If you were civil and knew courtesy You would not do me thus much injury. III:II 148-51 . Puck also sprinkles the potion on Titania's eyes causing her to act like a "lovesick lunatic". When she awakens, she sees Bottom who is now an ass head, and she immediately falls in love with him. Even though Bottom is an ass head, the potion hinders her judgment and she is attracted to him anyway. Otherwise, Titania would certainly not be attracted to the ass head, Bottom, at all. In these lines, Titania talks of the repulsive Bottom as a very handsome man: Come, sit thee down upon this flow'ry bed, While I thy amiable cheeks do coy, And stick muskroses in thy sleek smooth head, And kiss thy fair large ears, my gentle joy. IV:I 1-4 The madness of this type of love is reflected in the line, "reason and love keep little company nowadays" from Act III, Scene I (145-46). Love is blind to reason and sometimes love overpowers reason. Theseus in A Midsummer Night's Dream reemphasizes the connection of the lunatic and the lover, hence the phrase"lovers are lunatics": Lovers and madmen have such seething brains, Such shaping